Electrons in Atoms Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electrons in Atoms - Research Paper Example This paper sought to study electrons in atoms; their history, science and applications. Both case study and descriptive research designs were employed r. Secondary sources were the main data sources used in this study. The first discovery of an electron was made by Sir John Joseph Thompson when he was studying Mysterious rays, today’s cathode rays in 1898 (Richards). Thompson made a very bold suggestion the mysterious rays were made up particles that were smaller than atoms, which he named corpuscles. Thompson further suggested that corpuscles might be the component of all the matter in an atom (AIP). By then the atom was believed to be the smallest indivisible particle of matter; hence the Thompsons theory was controversial until he, together with other scientists and proved it experimentally. Thompson’s suggestion that cathode rays were made of corpuscles later turned to be electrons, tiny, with a negative charge and the fundamental parts of an atom turned to be correct. In the mid-nineteenth century, an experiment of a glass tube with wires implanted in opposite sides, air pumped out, and a high voltage applied was very popular. Lovely glow patterns were made inside the tube. The experiment was improved by a German physicist in 1859, and the fluorescent glow was produced where the cathode light reached the glass. This experiment was a proof that the cathode emitted some kind ray (AIP). Speculations were made by physicists, including Thompson concerning these mysterious rays. Some thought they were waves like light waves while others, including Thompson thought they were particles. More experiments were made. A magnet was observed to push the rays about. Heinrich Hertz, a German Physicist, noted that the mysterious rays were not deflected by an electric field in a cathode ray tube as was expected for charged particles. More confusion engulfed scientists, and more experiments were needed to resolve the uncertainties. Jean Perrin, a French

Hunted House Essay Example for Free

Hunted House Essay Nobodydared to go in empty house in an isolated part of the village . Eventually, the landscape of the empty house was shady,lush and green, no one is brave enough to hunt for wildfigs. The beautiful and evergreen nature surrounding the empty house was damp and soggy always. After the F.Sc examinations, my peers and I decided to go for camping the empty house since we had enough of studying books and would like to investigate about the mystery of that house. It was supposed to be a two days camping trip. We equipped ourselves with the necessary camping gear and enough food to last for the two days. We walked deep inside the village and reached at a huge and old empty house. As soon as we arrived there, Hammad approaches all of us to enter the house since the journey was quite difficult and tiring. We stepped in the house to fill our empty stomachs with the food that we had brought but we realized that the condition of the house was incredibly dirty and dusty. The ceiling was fully covered with spider webs whereas the floor was covered with dried leaves. Hence, we managed to clear up the place before start eating our meal.Then, we went walking around the house and suddenly Hammad started screaming â€Å"Aww!!!†. He saw a human skull inside a drawer. All of us were astonished with the discovery of human skull in the mystery house. At that moment, we could feel our blood stream was flushing and cold. All of us quickly rushed out of the house and decided to go back home. It was our badluck because it was raining and falling snow heavily outside. We had no choice but to wait until the rain stops. Fear was written on all our face, especially since we had discovered a human skull! All of us were in low spirits. Even Hammad was silent and nervous who is actually a noisy maker in our group. The hours dragged past but the rain continued. Instead we had no choice but to spend the night in the mysterious house. Although we were exhausted, we could not rest our tired minds and bodies with the demand of sleep.At midnight, Ali woke up to go to toilet and asked me to accompany him till the door. While I was waiting for him, I saw a â€Å"fully white dressed creature without head holding an axe† was hunting for food in the middle of night at the balcony of the house. I could not believe my own eyes and started reciting prayer according to our religion Islam. Then, I quietly went back to sleep after Ali was back. The next morning, we decided to make our way back to home and quickly packed all our goods. On the way heading back, I told them about the horrifying creature that I saw last night. All of them were nervous and frighten.On our way back, we met with a group of villagers who normallywashes their clothes at a bank of canal, which is situated about 2km away from the empty house. Therefore, we took that opportunity to ask them about the mystery of the empty house and the ‘human skull’. According to them, beforethis there was a young lady who got murdered by the communist soldiers in the empty house. One of them tried to rape her but she managed to fight him back using an axe. Unfortunately, she lost her head in that battle. Hence, the human skull belongs to the young lady and the white creature is her spirit who is hunting people for her revenge.After that incident, no one dared to go the house. Then, my friends and I thank the villagers and made our way for home. We decided not to go to the empty house anymore after this.

Lack Of Cultural Appreciation Of Others Education Essay

Lack Of Cultural Appreciation Of Others Education Essay The scenario shows how students have the lack of cultural appreciation of others. The school and teachers need to create a program which ensures that students understand the difference in cultures and how people need to work and live in harmony. It is important that school take initiative and educate students about different cultures and how they are crucial to Australian survival. The scenario highlights how some students feel that others are inferior because they belong to different religions. The school has developed an integrated planning matrix. It has ensured that planning processes from macro to micro levels from school to classroom or program to lesson. Thus, the scenario shows that the school needs to implement the guidelines of intercultural understanding through the design of lessons. The school has designed five lessons, two English, one maths, one biology and one history lesson. Each lesson contains concepts about cultural understanding, in order for students to appreciate other cultures. Intercultural understanding draws on studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s growing knowledge, understanding and critical awareness of their own and others perspective(Intercultural, 2012). In the scenario, it can be seen how students are not aware of each other culture and how some are stereotyping against other for no valid and just reason. The five lessons are aimed to increase the intercultural understanding of the students. Thus, the main aim is to avoid students discriminating against each other and to enhance a permanent harmony among them. Furthermore, the main aim is to make the students celebrate the fruits of multiculturalism among themselves. It is worth mentioning that the intercultural understanding is more apparent in some learning areas than others(Intercultural, 2012). However the school has decided to include intercultural understanding components in all the learning areas. One of the causes of racism in the scenario can be owing to the fact that the curriculum does not reflect the spirit of multiculturalism and intercultural understanding among students(Calder, 2000).It is essential that the Australian curriculum does contain information about others cultures, otherwise NESB students will be left out in the dark. Students in Australia deserve to be treated with justice and integrity. Thus, it is inappropriate to ignore the new composition of Australian population. It is important that the Australian curriculum adopt some of the proposed curriculum in this project for the sake of correcting the inbalance in the current curriculum. It is worth mentioning that every student needs to know that he or she has to right to discriminate against anyone based on race or religion. The lesson plan is developed according to the hypothetical scenario about students discriminating against each other which was based on religions. It is worth mentioning that the matrix used NSW board of studies curriculum for English for year 3 and 4(English, 2012) and the Australian curriculum that is known as acara(acara, 2012) Lesson 1 The key issue from the lesson is to familiarize students with Christianity and Hindu religions.Thus; students need to know in depth about others religions in order to appreciate it. The main aim of the lesson is to promote intercultural understanding among students in the classrooms, in order for them to behave better when they leave their schools. The lesson aims to make the students to value their own culture, their languages and beliefs. Furthermore, the lesson has aimed to value the culture and religions of others. Students have an opportunity to learn about two of the major religions in the world, such as Christianity and Hinduism. If students learn about other religions, then they will start to appreciate each one religion and culture. The lesson aims for students to achieve the following objectives: To understand the Australian culture. To appreciate the achievements of Australian pioneers and migrants. To value the English language. To practice the language with NESB classmates. Understand the culture and beliefs of Christian and Hindu. The activities for the lesson are aimed to introduce students to each other religions, in order to avoid the events in the scenario. The classroom is ought to be free from racism and discrimination. Lesson 2 The key issue from the lesson is to familiarize students with the Islamic religions. Thus many Islamic students are populating many schools. Furthermore, the Islamic community is normally facing discrimination. It is important that students learn about all religions and not to belief any rumour about any religion. The aim of the lesson is to promote intercultural understanding between all cultures in the classrooms, in order to prevent friction between students as the case in the scenario. The lesson has aimed to achieve the following objectives: To understand the Muslim culture. To appreciate the teaching of Islam. To value the English language in the context of Islam. To understand the culture and beliefs of Islam. It is so crucial that the activities educate students about major religions as Islam which makes up about 2% of the Australian population. The students have a chance to view a video about Islam which contradict the wrongful myth that Islam foster terrorism in the world. It is good to see that one of the activities ask Muslim students to pair with non-Muslim students in order to explain their own language, religion and culture. The events in the scenario could be avoided if students are briefed about each other religions Lesson 3 The key issue from the lesson is to familiarize students with the fact that Mathematics is basically the same. It is important that students are aware of the fact that Maths is not made only by Anglo-Saxon scholars but by other scholars from other cultures. The curriculum has to become a tool to promote the intercultural understanding in the classroom. The objectives of the lesson are as follow: To show that Maths is common in most culture. To show that all measurement units means the same but in different language. To show that similarity in Maths eases intercultural differences. The activities of the lesson are structured in the way that students need to compare units of measurements in both English and their native language. The main aim of the lesson is to show that Maths has been to explain to students that in all subjects which they do at school highlight the importance of intercultural understanding and the need to appreciate each other culture. It is worth mentioning that intercultural understanding in mathematics can be enhanced when students are exposed to a range of cultural traditions. Thus, students need to understand that mathematical expressions use universal symbols, while mathematical knowledge has its origin in many cultures(Curriculum, 2012). Lesson 4 The key issue from the lesson is to familiarize students with the fact that there are species of different shapes and functions. Furthermore, it highlights the fact that people are of different skin and colour and religions but they all share this earth as leaders over all living species from animal to vegetables. The objectives of the lesson are as follow: To show that species are different but they do need to live with each other. To show that the human body is same for each male and female counterpart despite that they have different skin colour and different cultural backgrounds. To show that everyone need to live in harmony even if we are all of different species. The activities of this lesson is so interesting where one of the activities is about how students are given an opportunity to look at one black and one white cat in order to prove that even they have different colour but they do have the same functions. Thus, the students will learn to live together in harmony with each other in the classroom and in the outer classroom. It is worth observing that there are opportunities in the science learning area to develop intercultural understanding. Thus, the students are given an opportunity to appreciate the contribution that diverse cultural perspectives have made to the development and diversity of science knowledge and application(Diversity, 2012). Lesson 5 The key issue from the lesson is to familiarize students with the fact that Australian history is a mix of white settlers, Aboriginals and the migrants who come from different countries. The history lesson is aimed to teach students about the importance of learning about how all cultures worked together to create this new state of Australia which is no longer just an Anglo-Saxon community but a community which embraces many cultures. This lesson is created to help students to avoid teasing each other and to enhance harmony between all students. The objectives of the lessons are as follow: To understand the creation of Australian state. To recognise the Aboriginals as the native Australians. To understand the contribution of Chinese and Africans in Australia. To understanding the concept of multiculturism in the classroom. To appreciate the history of the inclusion of many food from different cuisine across the globe. One of the activities of the lesson is the fact that students are to watch a DVD about the history of migration in Australia. Furthermore, the students are given a task to write a brief letter to their friends about the history of multiculturalism in Australia. It is worth mentioning that each lesson accompany a flowchart of the planning process and an integrated planning matrix. The majority of activities in all lessons aim to highlight the importance of intercultural understanding in the classroom.

The Difference Between Logical And Physical Design Of A Network :: Networks Telecommunications

Abstract This paper will explain several differences between a logical network design and the physical design of a network. Most people tend to think of it as the logical meaning the functional part and the physical as the seeing it part. With saying that one must understand that there is more to the logical and physical design of a network than just the functional and seeing parts. In order for one to understand the differences of how the two operate and work from one to the other, one would need more information than just the functionality and seeing parts. In the following paragraphs of this paper, by trying to outline what makes up the differences between logical and physical design of a network one should then understand his/her purpose. Connecting computers together to create a network greatly increases the communication capabilities and can even save a company substantial amounts of time and money. A well thought out network design from a small home network to a large corporate intranet can be a deciding factor in the success of a network. Two important steps in the designing of a successful network are the logical designing phase and physical designing phase. The difference between the two and the importance of each are explained in the following pages. When speaking of the network design world, one must understand the importance of what the logical network design is and how it works; in addition, one must know and understand what the physical network design is. These two common design types are different in several ways but first let's understand what they are. When looking at a logical network design, it easier to describe it as how the network will be structured, basically it focuses on all the logical aspects of the network. According to Webopedia, "the logical topology is the way that the signals act on the network media, or the way the data passes through the network from one device to the next without regard to the physical interconnection of the devices." http://www.bibiesse.org/digitctionary/logical_topology.shtml In a logical network layout, IP addresses are shown to be associated with each part of the network. "In most cases, the logical network is in a Class C network such as 192.168.0.0 with the default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. Therefore, this type of network allows up to 254 hosts to be connected directly to it without the need of any routing." http://www.

Most and Least Important Factors in the Outbreak of Ww1

Which was the most important and least important factor in the outbreak of the First World War? In my opinion, the most important cause of the First World War was the Alliance System. By 1914, the main powers in Europe had been divided into two groups. These were: The Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, and The Triple Entente – Britain, France and Russia. Although the point of creating these alliances was to avoid war, they meant that any conflict that broke out would increase in scale immediately because the other countries had to support them. The main rivalries were Germany and France over the capture of Alsace-Lorraine, Russia and Austria over the Balkans, and Britain and Germany over their navies and economic power. The Alliance System created a lot of competition between the rival countries, and possibly even the allies themselves, because, naturally, they all wanted to be the most powerful and influential in their group. This just increased the tension between everyone and strengthened each side for the inevitable war. On the other hand, I think the least important cause of the war was the Arms Race. The growing divide in Europe (caused by the Alliance System) had led to an arms race between the main countries. The French and German armies had more than doubled their forces, and all nations were making plans for war. The German Count Alfred von Schlieffen had come up with the Schlieffen Plan, which was to fight France and defeat them within six weeks, and then to turn back and defeat Russia. Unfortunately for them, they relied too much on hoping Russia would take more than six weeks to mobilise, which didn’t happen. Also, as the Germans went through Belgium to get into France, Belgium had a treaty with Britain which meant Britain automatically got involved. Austria was intimidated by Russia and needed Germany to succeed in defeating France, so they could then help them in fighting Russia. Russia had potentially millions of soldiers. This made them very powerful because they could overwhelm the opposition with sheer numbers, although they would have needed Britain’s industrial help because they were badly-equipped. France had a large, well equipped army. They had a plan called Plan 17. This was to charge across the frontiers and deep into Germany, forcing them to surrender. Britain was closely but secretly in collaboration with the French. They set up the BEF (British Expeditionary Force), which was 150,000 highly trained soldiers that could go and support France at any time. Although the Arms Race seems to have developed the preparations for war from each country, I don’t think that it actually caused any more problems between the countries. At this point, war was seen as inevitable and all the nations could do was prepare for what was to come as best as they could.

Science of Pets essays

Science of Pets essays Most people had some kind of pets sometime during their lives. For whatever purpose they might have, pets are obviously an inseparable part of our lives. Therefore, this time, the US News magazine had its cover story about one very special aspect of animals, their emotions. This report presents two different points of view about animal emotions: as usual, one is for and the other is against. Of course, for their part, the nations 61 millions pet owners need no convincing at all that Fido and Fluffy can feel angry, morose, elated-even jealous or embarrassed. With several first-hand observations, case studies, and scientific brain analysis, the thought that animals can have emotions is extremely convincing. However, the opposed side makes some points too. Even the most strident skeptics of animal passion agree that many creatures experience fear-which some scientists define as a primary emotion that contrasts with secondary emotions such as love and grief. Unlike these more complex feelings, fear is instinctive, and requires no conscious thought. Researchers skepticism is fueled in part by their professional aversion to anthropomorphism, the very nonscientific tendency to attribute human qualities to nonhumans. For example, even if an animal may behave as if it is having certain kind of emotion such as happy, you still cannot prove that it is happy since facial expressions or gestures are not universal among all animals. It is true that I cannot prove anything, especially for unfamiliar animals, but I do know exactly what my dogs feel by their body language and facial expression. I am no scientist, but as a pet owner for almost 15 years, I can say this with confidence that animals do have emotion. I have observed my dogs over and over again, and their consistent reactions to my treatments confirmed my belief. From my own experience, I expand and relate it t...

Different Styles of Painting

Different Styles of Painting Painting can be defined as the practice of applying paint, pigment, use of color, or any other medium to a support surface (Raczka 1). Artist and designers use the term painting to refer to both the act of and the result of painting. Support surfaces where painting can be made include such surfaces such as glass, walls, paper, canvas, and clay or concrete. Furthermore, paintings can be improved by using gold leaf, and other materials such as clay, sand, and pieces of paper variety. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Different Styles of Painting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In actual sense, paintings are used for expression purposes and hence there are as many forms and styles as there are artists spanning from the ancient times to the modern era where technology is transforming every aspect of life in the society. This essay seeks to briefly describe the different and major styles of painting, and to compare and co ntrast three different paintings provided. It is proper to acknowledge that painting as a field has undergone significant transformation over time. In the current century, painting has been greatly influenced by technological advancement and has led to numerous variety of painting styles to select from. The transformational journey started mainly from the later years of the 19th century through the 20th century facilitated by the discovery of metal paint tube and photography and the ever changing events world wide. The range of art styles vary from those that are most realistic to the ones that are most abstract (Raczka 4). Realistic painting relies on the tactical use of paint, color, and tone to create a convincing illusion of reality where the paint resembles the actual object or phenomenon in a real life situation. Another art style is the painterly which closely resembles the realism one only that it uses paint as it is without trying to make smooth the texture to achieve reali sm. This can easily be noticed through brushwork. Impressionism, the third style of art emerged in the 19th century but is still admired to date despite the initial criticism it faced in France. It mainly looks like an incomplete paint work creating an impact of light on the surface. Expressionism and fauvism styles are less concerned with creation of reality by the use of perspective. They aim at creating an impact on emotions without sensitivity to color or tone. The last art style is the abstract one and the paintings are far from resembling the reality. This work is intentionally not meant to be representational (Raczka 26). To illustrate the above styles of painting, we shall compare and contrast the three paintings provided on the slides by using block method. The first painting is by a great American artist by the name Frederic Edwin Church (1826-1900). The â€Å"Heart of the Andes,† is a landscape painting and was done in 1859. From a keen observation of the paintin g, we realize that the style used is that of realism. Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Church effectively strives to create a real life impression of the tropical scene. The work depicts a river that is bordered by dense vegetation, upland plains, and the rugged, towering, and snowcapped mountains. Church’s work creates a real impression of wilderness since there is no sign of human life. The second landscape painting was done by Jasper Francis Cropsey (1823-1900), an American just like Church. Cropsey produced the paint in 1865. This work uses the realism art style to depict the fiery autumn scenery where there are mountains, valleys, and forests. The presence of human beings can be seen as well as their encroachment which is depicted by the presence of a railroad. The train’s smoke echoes the clouds above hence creating a peaceful coexistence between man and nature. Lastly, we have the third painting by an American, Charles Sheeler (1883-1963). Sheeler painted it in the 20th century (1931). He used the â€Å"precisionism† art style to depict this large architectural impression of a factory. Sheeler used clear light with an amalgamation of both realism and abstraction art styles. In a nutshell, this work depicts; a hard, exact, flat, huge, and industrial product. There is nothing living or organic in this particular painting which illustrates clearly the influence that the difference in context and culture can have on the artists’ work. This essay has described the various major styles of painting. It has also analyzed the three paintings with an aim of drawing a comparison as well as contrast among them. We can conclude from the analysis that art and design is a product of its context and is greatly influenced by culture and time frame. The first two paintings have the same theme, landscape, while the third depicts an industrial age of the 20th century. Church’s and Cropsey’s work have the most similarities both in style and theme while Sheeler combines both the realism and abstract styles of painting. Work Cited Raczka, B. Name That Style: all about isms in Art. Millbrook Press, 2008, Pp. 1-30.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Different Styles of Painting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Osmosis and Diffusion Lab Report Introduction Essays

Osmosis and Diffusion Lab Report Introduction Essays Osmosis and Diffusion Lab Report Introduction Paper Osmosis and Diffusion Lab Report Introduction Paper While molecules in diffusion move down a concentration gradient, molecules during osmosis both move down a concentration gradient as well as across it. Both diffusion, and osmosis are types of passive transport, which do not require help. When the concentration of the environment outside of the cell is lower than the inside of the cell, this is called a hypotonic solution. In hypotonic solutions, when water moves into the cell they burst, which is known as lists. A hypersonic solution is when the concentration of outside the cell is higher than the inside of the cell. In hypersonic solutions, water moves out of the cell, making the cell lose water and shrink; this is called creation. An isotonic solution is when the concentration of dissolved molecules is the same both inside and outside of the cell. Thus there is no net movement. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate whether osmosis occurs across the membrane of potato cells. Hypothesis The potato that will be more hypersonic to the sucrose solution will gain weight, whereas the potato when hypotonic to the solution will lose weight. When the potato is most isotonic the similarity of the potato will be 0. . Materials 1 potato 7 250-ml Beakers Sucrose Solutions: 0. 1 (M) Razor Blade Denizen Water (0 molar) Balance that weighs to the nearest 0. 01 Cork Borer Paper Towels Calculator Metric Ruler Methods To perform this experiment seven 250-ml beakers were obtained, rinsed thoroughly and dried with a paper towel. Next a small amount of tape was applied on the beakers and labeled accordingl y to the sucrose solution molarities. Each beaker received 100-ml of the various solutions. However one beaker received 100 ml of Denizen water with a molarities of 0. . Afterwards a cork borer was pushed through the potato and was twisted back and forth. Once the borer was filled it was removed from the potato. Pushing the potato cylinder out of the borer, this this step was repeated six more times in order to get seven undamaged potato cylinders. Using a sharp razor blade, the potato cylinders were both cut to a uniform length of about CM, and were removed of their potato skins. The potato pieces were also cut in half to give the cells a greater reface area in which it was easier to absorb the solution. After the cylinders were weighed on a balance and the data was recorded in Table 4 Using the razor blade each potato was cut lengthwise into two long halves. Then the potato pieces were transferred to the water beaker and the time they were submerged was recorded. This step was repeated for all potato cylinders in which the pieces were placed in solutions O. 1 to 0. 6 M. The potatoes were incubated for ninety minutes. At the end of the incubation period the time was recorded. Then the potato piece was removed form the first sample. Next potato pieces were weighed the and the final weight was recorded in Table 4. This procedure was repeated until all samples had been weighed and recorded in the chronological order they were initially placed in the test solution. Afterwards the table was completed by recording the weight change and percentage change. In order to calculate the final percentage change of weight the formula that would be needed is (weight change)/(initial change) X 100. The data received at the end was not normal; therefore each potato cylinder was weighed again, and recorded on two different scales.

Questionnaires and Focus Groups for the Evaluation of Public Essay

Questionnaires and Focus Groups for the Evaluation of Public Perception of Waste Recycling - Essay Example Qualitative research would help the researcher evaluate the public perception of waste recycling in a better way as compared to quantitative study. Another reason behind the appropriateness of qualitative study in understanding public perception is that qualitative study focuses more on getting detailed information about the subject. Questionnaires and focus groups are two of the best examples of a qualitative study in which researchers identify the thoughts and perceptions of different people. Let us discuss these techniques in order to understand the public perception of waste recycling. 1. Questionnaires As Brace (2008, p. 2) states, â€Å"questionnaires are written in many different ways, to be used in many different situations and with many different data-gathering media.† Questionnaire is a method of doing qualitative research, which has advantages over many types of research methods. The reason is that they do not take much time and can easily target groups. Moreover, r esearchers can use focus groups to target large populations in wide geographical areas. Questionnaire is one of the widely used methods of research because researchers can apply it in almost every field of study, such as, healthcare, education, organizational analysis, and system and process analyses. Along with these fields of study, questionnaires also produce good results while evaluating public perception about waste recycling. Waste recycling is a process in which different kinds of household and construction wastes are recycled in such a way that they become available for use in the development of different types of products. Although researchers can use both analytical and descriptive types of questionnaires for getting the facts about waste recycling, but descriptive survey can be more productive for them as compared to the analytic one because it provides them with the real perceptions of people about a given scenario. Therefore, researchers can use descriptive questionnair es to identify the perceptions of different people regarding waste recycling. Moreover, the researcher should use numerical, as well as opinion questions in the questionnaire regarding waste recycling. Linda Goldenhar and Cathleen Connell did a research named ‘Effects of Educational and Feedback Interventions on Recycling Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors’ in 1992 in which they studied public perception using feedback groups, education groups, and control groups. The researchers used questionnaires for this purpose. The results revealed that the feedback groups had higher levels of recycling behavior as compared to the control or education groups. In another research, ‘Evaluating the Effectiveness of Deliberative Processes: Waste Management Case-studies’ by Judith Petts, the researcher made use of case studies and questionnaires to gather information about effectiveness of waste recycling processes. The research revealed that people participate a ctively in waste management processes and have a good perception about recycling. 1.1. Advantages of Questionnaires Questionnaires prove to be very useful in conducting qualitative research. Some of the main advantages of using questionnaires in evaluating public perception of waste recycling include cost effectiveness, ease of conduct, answering as no details are required, and no requirement of verbal communication skills. Researchers believe that questionnaires return reliable data from the target population.

The Downfall of the Tokugawa Shogunate Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

The Downfall of the Tokugawa Shogunate - Thesis Example Shogun had decided to close Japan to the West. However, forced by various situations, Tokugawa Shogun was pushed to terminate the directive and open Japan to the West. This was a definite sign that Shogun was irresolute.2 However, besides that there were numerous other reasons behind the collapse of the Tokugawa Shogun. The Shogun’s power and influence was weakening. The power of Shogun over a large number of Daimyo had already declined by 1862. Commodore Perry of the United States pushed Shogun to allow Western powers into Japan.3 The Emperor requested the presence of the Shogun to Kyoto in 1863 and compelled him to agree to an imperial directive to expel the Western powers from Japan. After a year, the Shogun was again sent for Kyoto, where he was forced to consent that sooner or later the Emperor would integrate the daimyo with their realm.4 The daimyos of Echzaw, Choshu, and Satsuma were also admitted as Imperial counselors. In 1866, the Emperor ordered the Shogun to chast ise Choshu but the Shogun himself was overpowered by Choshu. From then on internal problems emerged which led to internal conflicts and uprisings and finally on the 9th of November 1867 Shogun decided to leave his post.5 This was the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the launching of Meiji Restoration and Japan’s modernization. Throughout their regime Tokugawa Shoguns attempted to build and strengthen their own influence and authority. They exerted their greatest effort to keep the power in their hands. Unfortunately, they failed to do so. There were foreign intrusion and internal problems and conflicts which led to the gradual weakening of the Shoguns’ power. This brought about the eventual downfall. As argued by B.R. Chatterji, â€Å"Probably no contemporary European society was more civilized and polished. But it was not a living, growing organism. It had to change and its rules did not desire change.†6 (Chaurasla 16) The

Analyzing results of operations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing results of operations - Case Study Example e is lower in the previous case because it includes the income from taxation, revenues from institutions, rights and privileges, income from dividend, interest, rent and other investments, federal grants and contracts and other income. But in the second case, it includes more details factors other than those mentioned above and these are individual and fiduciary income, corporate income, sales and use, motor vehicle sales and use, motor fuel, premiums of insurance companies, income from selling of alcoholic beverages, income from tobacco products, public service corporations, excise duty on beer and beverages, bank stock, other taxes, wine and spirit, grants and contributions. Thus it can be seen that the government-wide statement of activities has included more detailed factors of income and thus the changes in revenue is higher in the statement. The net change in fund balances is $125585 thousands and change in net position in govt.-wide statement is $ 1060089 thousands. The change s in net position is positive in both the statement but in govt.-wide statement it is much higher as the revenue is higher as compared to the statement of revenues, expenditures and changes in fund balances in the governmental funds. Here we need to provide an understandable explanation of the results of operations of this government from the perspective of both the operating statement. In the statement of revenues, expenditures and changes in fund balances in the governmental funds they govt. has shown the revenues those are mentioned above and expenditures and other financing sources comprising of both cash inflow and outflow. The fund balance in June 30 is $ 637944 thousands and fund balance at 1st July is $ 512359 thousands. Thus the net change in fund balances as per the statement of revenues, expenditures and changes in fund balances in the governmental funds is $ 125585 thousands. In case of the government-wide statement of activities, the govt. has shown the revenues those

Fire Service Leadership-405 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fire Service Leadership-405 - Essay Example Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain was born on 09/08/1828 in Brewer, Maine. Chamberlain was an excellent student and graduated from Bowdoin College in 1852. He went on to study at the Bangor Theological Seminary after graduation. He got married to Fannie Adams, and accepted a teaching position at Bowdoin College in 1855. The couple had five children. He was a believer of the strength of the American form of government, which was threatened by secession of the south in 1861. He left his position to volunteer his services to the State in 1862. Despite his lack of military experience, his education landed him the rank of lieutenant colonel for the 20th Marine Infantry Regiment. The regiment was assigned to Butterfield’s â€Å"Light Brigade† of the Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomac. The Maryland campaign of the fall of 1862 was his first battle experience. During the battle of Antietam on 19/17/1962 the 20th Maine Infantry was held in reserve. The 20th Maine was put in the forefron t of the battle in Fredericksburg, Virginia on 12/12/1862. He had been promoted to Colonel by the summer of 1863. The charge of the 20th Maine Infantry under his leadership contributed largely to the Union victory at Round Top. He led his brigade at the battles of Wilderness, Spotsylvannia Court House, North Anna and Cold Harbour in 1864. He returned in 1865 after miraculously recovering from an injury as brigadier general to lead his troops at the Battle of Five Forks. After the battle, he was placed in command of the First Division of the Fifth Corps. He rode at the head of his troops in the Grand Review of the Army of Washington. He was elected governor of Maine in 1866. He accepted the position of president at Bowdoin College in 1871, and he restructured the college to include science and engineering curriculum. He resigned from his position in 1883 due to ill health, and remained active in veteran circles. He was honoured with the Congressional Medal of Honor for

A clue about current socialpolitical issue Essay

A clue about current socialpolitical issue - Essay Example work to pass fundamental values and assumption by using one of the protagonists to show the effect drugs have to young people who engage themselves in drug trafficking. Maria Alvarez work at the rose plantation where she could use the little salary she get to support her family. In her ambition to find a well-paying job and the need to get fulfill Maria, she ends up suffering emotional and psychologically. The author has done his research perfectly, and this enables him to know the major thing that is causing young people to engage themselves in drug trafficking. The argument he present in his play depicts a solid reasoning that Joshua possess as his argument were not based on rumors or wishful thinking hence enabled him to present his work on an empirical manner. The author has tried to convince his audiences that poverty is the main factor that is causing young people like Maria to become mules. However, poverty is not necessary the main cause that is making people be mule but greed is also another factor responsible in causing other people like Maria to join drug traffickers. Therefore, Joshua have is jumping to the conclusion without considering other factors like gluttony which some use to became drug traffickers. Despite, poor economic conditions and moral failures of people such as Lucy, Maria and Blanca, political corruption still contributes to an increase in drug traffickers. Many individual have used their economic and political power to facilitate drug trafficking as they used their political power and money to bribe the police. Therefore, the government must also not concentrate on people like Maria but also on those who are harnessing their financially viable and political power to perpetuate the drug

The an overview at unethical behavior in the workplace a study of Nike Dissertation

The an overview at unethical behavior in the workplace a study of Nike - Dissertation Example SUMMARY 36 5.2.CONCLUSION 39 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.0. INTRODUCTION The significant role of employees in attaining the goals and objectives of the organisation has been recognised both by practitioners and scholars (Floyd & Wooldridge, 1997; Li, Guohai & Eppler, 2008; Fox, Donohue & Wu, 2007). The change in the appreciation of the role of employees in organisation has been precipitated by several factors, but one of the most important elements which have influenced the change is globalisation. Globalisation is a contemporary phenomenon (Soros, 2002). It has influenced almost all facets of contemporary life (Morgan, 2003). As such, it has been defined in several ways (Suarez-Orozco & Qin-Hilliard, 2004). However, the common understanding of globalisation is that it concerns economic changes adopted by nation-states as they enter the global market (Soros, 2002). Globalisation is generally understood as the removal of economic barriers to trade among nations, thereby, allowing the fre er movements of goods, services, products, capital, knowledge, foreign investments and people (Soros, 2002; Balakrishnan, 2003; Fischer, 2003). It has been noted, that as globalisation drives economic changes, changes in the economic policies and fundamental principles underlying nation-states economic trading relations with other countries are also undertaken(Peet, 2003). In this regard, through globalisation, the global market economy has been opened, thus, making the world accessible and smaller at the same time. Since, â€Å"Through globalisation national borders are constantly losing their significance as limitations for human interaction in general and economic collaboration in particular. This means that for all economic actors their natural spheres of activity are expanding from national into multinational or even global.†(Supporting the Internalisation of SMEs, 2007:6). In this regard, the presence of transnational corporations (TNCs) and multinational companies (MNC s) has become one concrete witness testifying not only to the reality of the global market economy, but also to the actuality of a smaller world. Multinational corporations (MNCs) is generally understood as a company that has its headquarter in one country (which is the home country), and which operates in at least one foreign (host) country (Wilkins, 1991, p 53). MNCs, just like any other corporations, seek to increase profit via conducting business in another country as it aims to expand its market, acquire resources, to diversify sources of sales and supplies and to minimise competitive risk (Wilkins, 1991). In this sense, it can be claimed, corporations and MNCs are similar in pursuit of profits, market, and sales, while at the same time, they are different in view of the fact that MNCs are not limited by national boundaries in doing business. In the context of globalisation and MNCs, the significant role of workers and their plight become an important gradient in understanding the global market economy. As success stories of both corporations and workers plight in the global market is told, stories of workers’ abuses are also conveyed, even if it is stifled (Boji & Khan, 2009). This research has conducted a study pertaining to the unethical behaviour committed in the workplace with focus on the controversies surrounding Nike. Nike’s controversies pertaining to unethical behaviour in the workplace depicts the workers’

Fire Service Leadership-405 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fire Service Leadership-405 - Essay Example Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain was born on 09/08/1828 in Brewer, Maine. Chamberlain was an excellent student and graduated from Bowdoin College in 1852. He went on to study at the Bangor Theological Seminary after graduation. He got married to Fannie Adams, and accepted a teaching position at Bowdoin College in 1855. The couple had five children. He was a believer of the strength of the American form of government, which was threatened by secession of the south in 1861. He left his position to volunteer his services to the State in 1862. Despite his lack of military experience, his education landed him the rank of lieutenant colonel for the 20th Marine Infantry Regiment. The regiment was assigned to Butterfield’s â€Å"Light Brigade† of the Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomac. The Maryland campaign of the fall of 1862 was his first battle experience. During the battle of Antietam on 19/17/1962 the 20th Maine Infantry was held in reserve. The 20th Maine was put in the forefron t of the battle in Fredericksburg, Virginia on 12/12/1862. He had been promoted to Colonel by the summer of 1863. The charge of the 20th Maine Infantry under his leadership contributed largely to the Union victory at Round Top. He led his brigade at the battles of Wilderness, Spotsylvannia Court House, North Anna and Cold Harbour in 1864. He returned in 1865 after miraculously recovering from an injury as brigadier general to lead his troops at the Battle of Five Forks. After the battle, he was placed in command of the First Division of the Fifth Corps. He rode at the head of his troops in the Grand Review of the Army of Washington. He was elected governor of Maine in 1866. He accepted the position of president at Bowdoin College in 1871, and he restructured the college to include science and engineering curriculum. He resigned from his position in 1883 due to ill health, and remained active in veteran circles. He was honoured with the Congressional Medal of Honor for

The an overview at unethical behavior in the workplace a study of Nike Dissertation

The an overview at unethical behavior in the workplace a study of Nike - Dissertation Example SUMMARY 36 5.2.CONCLUSION 39 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.0. INTRODUCTION The significant role of employees in attaining the goals and objectives of the organisation has been recognised both by practitioners and scholars (Floyd & Wooldridge, 1997; Li, Guohai & Eppler, 2008; Fox, Donohue & Wu, 2007). The change in the appreciation of the role of employees in organisation has been precipitated by several factors, but one of the most important elements which have influenced the change is globalisation. Globalisation is a contemporary phenomenon (Soros, 2002). It has influenced almost all facets of contemporary life (Morgan, 2003). As such, it has been defined in several ways (Suarez-Orozco & Qin-Hilliard, 2004). However, the common understanding of globalisation is that it concerns economic changes adopted by nation-states as they enter the global market (Soros, 2002). Globalisation is generally understood as the removal of economic barriers to trade among nations, thereby, allowing the fre er movements of goods, services, products, capital, knowledge, foreign investments and people (Soros, 2002; Balakrishnan, 2003; Fischer, 2003). It has been noted, that as globalisation drives economic changes, changes in the economic policies and fundamental principles underlying nation-states economic trading relations with other countries are also undertaken(Peet, 2003). In this regard, through globalisation, the global market economy has been opened, thus, making the world accessible and smaller at the same time. Since, â€Å"Through globalisation national borders are constantly losing their significance as limitations for human interaction in general and economic collaboration in particular. This means that for all economic actors their natural spheres of activity are expanding from national into multinational or even global.†(Supporting the Internalisation of SMEs, 2007:6). In this regard, the presence of transnational corporations (TNCs) and multinational companies (MNC s) has become one concrete witness testifying not only to the reality of the global market economy, but also to the actuality of a smaller world. Multinational corporations (MNCs) is generally understood as a company that has its headquarter in one country (which is the home country), and which operates in at least one foreign (host) country (Wilkins, 1991, p 53). MNCs, just like any other corporations, seek to increase profit via conducting business in another country as it aims to expand its market, acquire resources, to diversify sources of sales and supplies and to minimise competitive risk (Wilkins, 1991). In this sense, it can be claimed, corporations and MNCs are similar in pursuit of profits, market, and sales, while at the same time, they are different in view of the fact that MNCs are not limited by national boundaries in doing business. In the context of globalisation and MNCs, the significant role of workers and their plight become an important gradient in understanding the global market economy. As success stories of both corporations and workers plight in the global market is told, stories of workers’ abuses are also conveyed, even if it is stifled (Boji & Khan, 2009). This research has conducted a study pertaining to the unethical behaviour committed in the workplace with focus on the controversies surrounding Nike. Nike’s controversies pertaining to unethical behaviour in the workplace depicts the workers’

Gospel of John vs Synoptics Essay Example for Free

Gospel of John vs Synoptics Essay Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John are the first four books of the New Testament. These are also called the â€Å"Gospels,† and they contain a detailed story of the life and ministry of Jesus Christ. However, upon reading the four books, one will notice that there are significant differences between the books contents. While Matthew, Mark, and Luke agree on many details, the Gospel of John differs from them. The first three books are the Synoptic Gospels. They are called such because they have many things in common, such as events or details, language, and paragraph structures. However, these are not the only things which make them similar. According to researchers, the possibility exists that one or all of the Gospel writers used other Synoptics for their source material. The Gospel of John, on the other hand, is different from the three. Thus, it is not a Synoptic gospel. The reason behind the differences in Johns accounts from the Synoptics is because he he wants to provide another point of view to the events surrounding Jesus Christ (Conte). In addition, these differences lie in the fact that some materials appear in the Gospel of John but not in the Synoptics and vice versa. Noticeably, the Gospel of John contains a prologue but not in the Synoptics. It also contains a narrative of Jesus Christs childhood, whereas the Synoptics do not include infancy narrative. â€Å"Signs† have also been discussed in John 2, and these started with the wedding at Cana (Just). These â€Å"signs† encouraged the people to follow Jesus, according to John (Neyrey 117). Another material missing from Synoptics but is included in the Gospel of John is the dialogue with Nicodemus, which can be found from selected verses of Chapters 2 and 3 of John (Just). Differences can also be seen from the accounts of baptism. From the Gospel of John, it says that Jesus and his disciples baptized people. However, from the Synoptics, there are no accounts testifying that Jesus was baptized. In addition, there are events that occurred in the Gospel of John but are not recorded in the Synoptics. In the same way, there are events only found in the Synoptics. For instance, the Gospel of John contains details of the Samaritan woman that Jesus met. He also healed a sick man near the pool of Bethesda. Other events include the feeding of the 5,000 people, healing a blind man, raising Lazarus from the dead, and the washing of the feet of the disciples (Just). These events did not appear in the Synoptics. There are also other materials that do not appear in the Synoptics. For instance, they lack the childhood episodes that are present in the Gospel of John. In addition, the Synoptics do not have details about the temptation in the desert, or details about the sermon on the Mount. The Synoptics further lack the Lords prayer, or the list of the names of the disciples. Another obvious details missing from the Synoptics are the parables and the ethical teachings. The Synoptics further lack the predictions about Jesus return and the details about his ascension (Just). Furthermore, the events that John recorded took place during the Passover, or the feast of bread (Neyrey 117), and the ministry of Jesus covers three Passovers. However, the Synoptics acknowledge that Jesus ministry lasts for a year (Just). The differences can also be seen at Johns accounts of the feeding of a large crowd. His accounts tell that â€Å"Jesus asks the disciples about feeding the crowds. † In the Synoptics, it says that the disciples approach Jesus and â€Å"ask Him to send the crowds away. † In addition, the Synoptics claim that Jesus orders his disciples to give the people food to eat, which they did. On the other hand, John claims that it is Jesus who distributed the bread to the people. Also, the Synoptics do not mention names of the disciples. The Gospel of John, however, mentions Philip and Andrew (Neyrey 117). Other prominent differences are seen on other details. Whereas the Synoptics discuss the tenet â€Å"Love your neighbors/enemies,† the Gospel of John emphasizes the importance of loving one another. The Synoptics also believe that the future eschatology, or the destiny of the humanity, is the coming of Gods kingdom. On the other hand, the Gospel of John believes that the eternal life is already upon humankind. Jesus also visits Jerusalem in many occasions, as told in the Gospel of John, but the Synoptics only acknowledge one journey (Just). Aside from these, the differences are obvious from smaller details, such as the claim of the Synoptics that John is â€Å"Elijah† who preaches about repentance. The Gospel of John claims John to be the baptizer and also a witness to Jesus Christ. It is also obvious from the Synoptics that the ministry of Jesus started after John the Baptist is arrested. The Gospel of John shows that the ministry of Jesus overlaps with that of Johns. Furthermore, there is a difference in the accounts of the first disciples of Jesus. The first three books claim that the first disciples of Jesus are Simon Andrew, James and John. However, Johns accounts claim that there are five persons who became Jesus first disciples, namely Andrew, an unnamed person, Simon Peter, Philip, and Nathanael (Just). There are still other differences from details. For instance, the Synoptics tell of an anonymous woman anointing Jesus at Bethany, and this is objected by anonymous people. The Gospel of John claims that Jesus is anointed at Bethany by Mary, Lazarus siste, which was objected by Judas Iscariot. There are also differences from accounts near Jesus death. The Synoptics tell about Jesus being in Gethsemane to pray where he was betrayed by Judas with a kiss. The Gospel of John tells that Jesus is in a garden in Cedron, and He identifies himself to the men who arrived to arrest Him. It is also interesting to note that the time of the crucifixion from the Synoptics accounts is at nine in the morning during the Day of Passover. By three in the afternoon He dies. But John claims that Jesus is condemned to die before the Passover; and when He is crucified, He dies quickly (Just). Upon closer reading of the Synoptics and the Gospel of John, one will notice other differences between their accounts that are not listed in this paper. Perhaps these differences would be dependent on the understanding of each reader. But these differences are meant to provide people with other angles and point of view of all the events that took place during Jesus time. Works Cited Conte, Ronald L. 2005. â€Å"The Writing of the Gospels – Relationship between the Synoptics. † Catholic Planet. 26 June 2009 http://www. catholicplanet. com/TSM/NT-synoptics. htm. Just, Felix. 2006. â€Å"Contrasts Between John and the Synoptics. † 25 June 2009 http://catholic-resources. org/John/Synoptic-Differences. htm. Neyrey, Jerome H. The Gospel of John. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Double Indemnity And Touch Of Evil Film Studies Essay

Double Indemnity And Touch Of Evil Film Studies Essay Film in popular culture was under scrutiny from cultural theorists during the 1930s and 1940s. It was suggested that film lacked originality and authenticity because of the way in which organisations, such as Hollywood, were producing art by using generic formulas (Grant, 2007:5). This repetition of conventions, characters and settings was typical of the Hollywood genre system (Palmer, 1994:1). This system enabled Hollywood to make films cheaply and competitively, which was criticised further by cultural theorists because the organisation was mainly motivated by profit (Grant, 2007:7). Genre films were at the forefront of the American ideal as films were an important feature of American culture. They represented an expression of the spirit of the time and worked as an inexpensive form of entertainment (Grant, 2007:5). The generic formulas were liked and accepted which was beneficial for both consumer and institution as the Hollywood studio could cater to a large audience (Palmer, 1994:2). However, the poor economic conditions of America in the 1930s meant that cinemas had to entice their audience with a more modern form of storytelling and representation (Palmer, 1994:3). Whilst the typical Hollywood film had to follow certain principles of narrative, the film noir was able to push the boundary of conventional storytelling. The visual stylisation, storyline and dark themes describe the essence of the noir film. These conventions will be discussed with examples from Billy Wilders Double Indemnity (1944) at the beginning of the noir period and Orson Welles Touch of Evil (1958) towards the end. The distinct elements that form the noir were largely due to the contributions of those in film production. During the early 1930s directors, actors and cinematographers who were involved in German expressionist cinema moved to Hollywood (Grant, 2007:25). The stylistic qualities of noirs were heavily influenced by expressionism; German silent films were admired by the Hollywood film industry (Silver, 2004:11). The artistic roots in German expressionism are portrayed in the use of common stylistic conventions such as chiaroscuro lighting, distorted camera angles and the use of symbolic designs (Silver, 2004:11). The most visible feature of the noir style is low-key lighting; cinematographers manipulated contrasts of light and shade between day exteriors and realistic night scenes through the use of curtains or venetian blinds (Silver, 2004:16). Dramatic use of lighting was used to create tension and confirm beliefs that the noir world was uncomfortable and corrupt. In Double Indemnity the establishing scene already implies this as Walter Neff begins to confess his crimes, while his face is in shade suggesting that he is ashamed. A less apparent feature, though crucial in terms of its expressionist value, was the use of distorted camera angles. Each camera angle was used specifically to create a dramatic and symbolic meaning. Low angles were pivotal in creating the feeling of claustrophobia and paranoia, for example when ceilings of interior settings were visible in the frame (Silver, 2004:16). Double Indemnity continues to provoke uneasy feelings with low angled shots in the initial scene suggesting that Neff is trapped with no other option but to confess. The use of high angles creates disequilibrium, for example when a city street is visible far below out of a window (Silver, 2004:16). This type of feeling is also expressed by dimly lit alleyways and shadowy pedestrians in the urban landscape (Silver, 2004:16). The noir style frequently makes use of shadow and unbalanced compositions (Telotte, 1989:17). Off-angle compositions of characters in the frame were used to create the suggestion of an unstable world (Spicer, 2002:47). In Touch of Evil, Spicer (2002:62) suggests that Orson Welles is able to draw the audience into a state of confusion by not including any stabilising balance of scenes. Touch of Evil was produced after the film noir description was established which suggests that the noir features in this film were used more deliberately. The expressionist style had been developed by using scenes of limitless darkness to create a sense of claustrophobia and agoraphobia (Spicer, 2002:61). Welles primarily uses night scenes, which allows characters and shadows to merge together creating a sinister atmosphere. Vargas is unsuccessfully attacked with acid by a shadowy figure. Hank Quinlans own corruption is symbolised in Touch of Evil as he falls to his death into floating waste (Silver, 2004:169). Similarly, visual symbolism is used in Double Indemnity as Wilder carefully constructs a mise-en-scà ¨ne to provoke meaning that may not always be obvious. The character of Phyllis Dietrichson is given primary importance both in style when she makes spectacular entrances and in the narrative when she manipulates those close to her. Both Double Indemnity and Touch of Evil share similarities in their visual styles which are heavily influenced by German expressionism. The expressionist style also influences the narrative and themes of noirs. Some of the themes that are expressed in the films are developed through the narrative. Noir stories challenge the conventional linear narrative of other Hollywood films and explicitly state points of view (Telotte, 1989:3). Strategies used are the voice-over, the third person flashback style, and the subjective camera technique (Telotte, 1989:12). The voice-over narrative technique enables the audience to experience situations through the protagonist. The first person narration allows the audience to identify with the character or narrator even if they are morally wrong (Silver, 2004:20). Telotte (1989:16) suggests that the I whose most basic purpose is to provide us with a privileged and personal eye on the world. Flashbacks are used to introduce the past which is presented from the narrators point of view (Silver, 2004:16). This is clear during Double Indemnity as Neff takes the role of narrator in flashbacks through to the present day. The first person voice-over is used as he retells the crime story on the Dictaphone but third person is used in the flashback scenes. Telotte (1989:45) suggests that Dictaphone narration is used to avoid speaking directly, which conforms to the noir ideology of tricks, lies and communication difficulties. There is frequent use of the subjective camera in noirs which emphasises points of view (Telotte, 1989:17). Welles uses this technique in Touch of Evil in confrontation during interrogations between Quinlan and Vargas where the audience is constantly deciding who is the dominant figure. Noir films were generally marketed as detective, thrillers or crime melodramas. Audiences were unaware that they were watching anything that was different from the Hollywood genre system. It was only the French critics who coined this term as the films dark qualities went unnoticed by audience and industry (Palmer, 1994:6). However, these films followed the crime detective formula as most, including Double Indemnity and Touch of Evil, were based on crime fiction novels. Double Indemnity was an innovative film and perhaps therefore a more authentic film noir. By comparison, Touch of Evil was rewritten into a much darker version that deliberately played on the noir styles. Silver (2004:15) states that noir relies on the element of style not just the content and that narratives are complex and not just icons. Literature of the time contained existentialism and psychological matters that promoted the importance of the past reflecting on present actions. This was particularly meaningful given the circumstances of America during the World War and the Depression (Silver, 2004:15). Grant (2007:26) suggests that noirs depict a sense of post-war disillusionment and was a delayed reaction to the enforced optimism of popular culture during the Depression and war years. The intended purpose of Hollywood narratives was to confirm the beliefs and values of the audience. Hollywood took a conservative stance within society both socially and politically. Films had to follow censorship regulations where certain principles had to be followed such as poetic justice, unsuccessful villains and restricted sexual liaisons (Palmer, 1994:4). Film noirs, for the most part, complied with these regulations given that they were unnoticeably different. However, they did touch on certain non-traditional themes such as sexual and criminal violations (Palmer, 1994:9). The French critic Nino Frank (cited in Palmer, 1994:8) described noir having rendered obsolete the traditional detective film because noirs focussed on the psychology of the characters rather than the actual crime and criminal. According to Silver (2004:15), important themes in film noir were classified as the haunted past and the fatalistic nightmare. The haunted past suggests the protagonists escape from a traumatic incident as in Touch of Evil or, crimes committed out of passion as in Double Indemnity. Past and present circumstances are mixed within the narrative; the past is real and inescapable and the protagonist has to confront it to seek redemption. This is featured in both Double Indemnity and Touch of Evil. The second theme is the fatalistic nightmare which is based on causality where present events lead to an inevitable conclusion. Good intentions of characters can be overridden when certain factors are taken into consideration. Double Indemnity uses chance and opportunity to commit crime, whereas the structure of society affects situations in Touch of Evil. Confusion was another theme in noir. It gives a sense of ambiguity to the narrative and a sense of nightmare to the atmosphere. This is conveyed in Touch of Evil when Susan Vargas is resting in the motel and a group of Mexican youths take over which leaves the audience questioning what happened exactly. Noirs present a bleak vision of contemporary life that was populated by criminals and immoral people; all of which opposed the American ideal (Palmer, 1994:6). The protagonists are mostly male and reflect the disruption to the traditional male role that was caused by the war and post-war readjustments thereafter. Females were characterised as both domestic and bland or as femme fatales. Male powerlessness is demonstrated next to the femme fatale which was a common feeling in post-war society (Grant, 2007:26). However, post-feminist critics suggest that Phyllis Dietrichson in Double Indemnity was a strong woman in a male-dominated world where she had to use any kind of weapon, including sexuality, to become an equal (Silver, 2004:16). But ultimately, the femme fatale corrupts the protagonist. The themes in Touch of Evil also promote the sense of corruption: drug dealing, sex trade and gambling. Touch of evil represents the conflict between true justice and the prevailing norms of justice. It has a theme of good versus evil where the moral Vargas can progress through the noir world of corrupt police officers such as Quinlan (Conard, 2006:43). Unlike Neff in Double Indemnity, Quinlan is deeply flawed already. Noirs involve moral decision making, the ethics of knowing what is morally right but finding alternatives more attractive. For example, in Double Indemnity a manipulated insurance salesman plots with a married woman to murder her husband to gain financial rewards (Conard, 2006:42). Double Indemnity contains adultery, cold-blooded killing, insurance fraud and criminal activity that are blamed on a female, which went against the contemporary censorship rules of the time. However, Neff and Dietrichsons inescapable fatality that draws them into crime seems to agree with those rules (Palmer, 1994:9). This is proven as Neff begins his narrations suggesting that crime does not pay (Double Indemnity, 2005): Yes, I killed him. I killed him for money and for a woman. I didnt get the money and I didnt get the woman. Pretty isnt it? The noir categorisation occurred because of the interaction between style, narrative and theme attributions. Noirs were able to branch away from the standard Hollywood product in such a way that it still catered to a large audience but unknowingly contained influences from European cinema. The impact that German expressionism had on Hollywood was remarkable and it is clear that the expressionistic style influenced many subsequent films. Double Indemnity, the earlier film, was a good example of innovative style both in appearance and narrative and was extremely influential. Touch of Evil was made towards the end of the noir period and deliberately used noir features but to an excessive degree. Noirs were considered to be a new type of detective crime thriller that subtly changed from the standard Hollywood genre film. They were still able to maintain the industrys principles by allowing a moral outcome but incorporating a more complex body to the story. These themes reflected the feelings of the American people towards their own society which made the films acceptable. The audiences need for a new way of expressing the story was met by a different, experimental narrative technique which heightened the impact of the dark qualities in the themes. These influences together with the dramatic, expressionist style established the film noir and give it a unique element in Hollywood.

The Science Behind The Bell Curve :: Bell Curve Essays

The Science Behind The Bell Curve      Ã‚  Ã‚   The science behind The Bell Curve has been denounced by both the American Psychological Association and the Human Genome Project. Its authors were unqualified to speak on either genetics or intelligence, since their expertise lay in other fields. Their project did not rise through the usual system of academic publishing, and in fact the authors ducked the process of peer review. The Bell Curve was ultimately funded by the wealthy, far-right Bradley Foundation, which used its media connections to launch a massive national publicity campaign. And The Bell Curve relies heavily on studies that were financed by the Pioneer Fund, a neo-Nazi organization that promotes eugenicist research.    "The scientific basis of The Bell Curve is fraudulent." (1)    With those words, the American Psychological Association denounced The Bell Curve, the controversial book that claims that blacks generally have IQs 15 points lower than whites. The authors assert that because IQ is mostly genetic and unchangeable, programs promoting equality (affirmative action, welfare, Head Start, etc.) are a waste of money. For those unfamiliar with the American Psychological Association, it is the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States, and includes over 142,000 members.    The story of how a scientifically unsound book like The Bell Curve bypassed the usual checks and balances of the scientific community reveals a great deal about how wealthy conservative businessmen are trying to create their own alternate academia.    To begin with, the authors of The Bell Curve were largely unqualified to write a book about genetics and IQ. Charles Murray is a political scientist, whose specialty lies in welfare and affirmative action issues. Richard Herrnstein (who died shortly before publication) was indeed a psychologist, but he spent his career studying pigeons and rats, not genetics and IQ. In fact, Herrnstein never published anything in peer-reviewed journals about genetics and IQ during his entire 36-year career. (He did publish a few articles in popular magazines.) The most that can be said for either of them is that they were familiar with the scientific method and were experts in fields that were distantly related to the topic.    The writing of the book was shrouded in secrecy, but it was launched directly to the American public in a magnificently funded and organized media campaign, one that included cover stories in Newsweek, The New Republic and The New York Times Book Review.

Brief Look at Emma by Jane Austen :: Emma Jane Austen Literature Essays

Brief Look at Emma by Jane Austen Mr. Frank Churchill was one of the boasts of Highbury, and a lively curiosity to see him prevailed, though the compliment was so little returned that he had never been there in his life. Now was the time for Mr Frank Churchill to come among them; and the hope strengthened when it was understood that he had written to his new mother on the occasion. "I suppose you have heard of the handsome letter Mr Frank Churchill has written to Mrs Weston? Now, it so happened that in spite of Emma's resolution of never marrying, there was something in the name, in the idea of Mr Frank Churchill, which always interested her. Emma spoke with a very proper degree of pleasure; and fully assented to his proposition of Mr Frank Churchill and Miss Smith making their party quite complete. Then turning to Isabella, who had not been attending before -- "You must know, my dear Mrs Knightley, that we are by no means so sure of seeing Mr Frank Churchill, in my opinion, as his father thinks. Emma, in good spirits too, from the amusement afforded her mind by the expectation of Mr Frank Churchill, was willing to forget his late improprieties, and be as well satisfied with him as before, and on his making Harriet his very first subject, was ready to listen with most friendly smiles. Mr Frank Churchill did not come. Emma was not at this time in a state of spirits to care really about Mr Frank Churchill's not coming, except as a disappointment at Randalls. What has Mr Frank Churchill done, to make you suppose him such an unnatural creature?" If Frank Churchill had wanted to see his father, he would have contrived it between September and January. It is Frank Churchill's duty to pay this attention to his father. Mr Frank Churchill to be making such a speech as that to the uncle and aunt, who have brought him up, and are to provide for him! -- Standing up in the middle of the room, I suppose, and speaking as loud as he could! -- How can you imagine such conduct practicable?" I can imagine, that if you, as you are, Mr Knightley, were to be transported and placed all at once in Mr Frank Churchill's situation, you would be able to say and do just what you have been recommending for him; and it might have a very good effect.

Burger King Corporate Social Responsibility

Assignment Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers â€Å"the ethical principle that a person or an organization should be accountable for how Its acts might affect the physical environment and the general public† dobber, D. & Fahy, J. , 2009). Nowadays, CSR programme Is a global trend, which Is encouraged by the government. It also helps the company in partnership and investment opportunities. On the other hand, CSR programme can enhance the company's Image In the consumers' views. It would be very effective In a competitive market.And furthermore, CSR programme can Improve he productivity and reduce the producing cost for the company. For these reasons, all kinds of business have began to focus on their CSR programme as responding to the sociality concerns In various ways. Burger King corporation (BKC) Is a global chain of hamburger fast food restaurants. 3K Is founded In 1954 by James McLamore and David Edgerton. In the end of 2012, It has a total of 12,700 outlets In 7 3 countnes. Recently, BKC has lust arnved to Vietnam. BKC Is located In Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City.However, BKC does not seem to provide a good marketing campaign here. BKC has installed several CSR programmes in other countries but not in Vietnam yet. To implement a CSR programme is a way ot marketing it to Vietnamese society. The problem in Vietnam market is Vietnamese people are not used to tast food due to culture differences. They also care a lot about their looks, their healthy, especially obesity problem. People in ages of 16-35 are the main customer target of BKC, However, the rate of obesity of people in these ages is increasing rapidly.

Prime Ministers of India Essay

The Prime Minister of India, as addressed to in the Constitution of India, is the chief of government, chief advisor to the President of India, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament. The prime minister leads the executive branch of the Government of India. The prime minister is the senior member of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. The prime minister selects and can dismiss other members of the cabinet; allocates posts to members within the Government; is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet and is responsible for bringing proposal of legislation. The resignation or death of the prime minister dissolves the cabinet. The prime minister is appointed by the president to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive. Current Prime Minister – The incumbent prime minister is Manmohan Singh, in office since 22 May 2004. Role and power of the prime minister The prime minister leads the functioning and exercise of authority of the Government of India. He is invited by the President of India in the Parliament of India as leader of the majority party to form a government at the federal level (known as Central or Union Government in India) and exercise its powers. In practice the prime minister nominates the members of their Council of Ministers[3][4][5] to the president. The prime minister represents the country in various delegations, high level meetings and international organisations that require the attendance of the highest government office[9] and also addresses to the nation on various issues of national or other importance. Selection process Eligibility A prime minister must: * be a citizen of India. * be a member of the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha. * be above 25 years of age if he is a member of Lok Sabha or above 30 years of age if he is a member of the Rajya Sabha. * not hold any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any State or under any local or other authority Oath The Prime Minister is required to make and subscribe in the presence of President of India before entering office, the oath of office and secrecy. Prime Ministers of India 1. Jawaharlal Nehru (15th August 1947 – 27 May 1964) 2. Gulzarilal Nanda ( 27 May 1964 – 9 June 1964) 3. Lal Bahadur Shastri (9 June 1964 – 11 January 1966) 4. Indira Gandhi (24 January 1966 – 24 March 1977, 14 June 1980 – 31 October 1984) 5. Morarji Desai (24March 1977 – 28 July 1979) 6. CHaran Singh (28 July 1979 – 14 January 1980) 7. Rajiv Gandhi ( 31 October 1984 – 2 December 1989) 8. Vishwanath Pratap Singh ( 2 Decemeber 1989 – 10 November 1990) 9. Chandra Shekhar (10 November 1990 – 21 June 1991) 10. P.V. Narsimha Rao ( 21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996) 11. H.D.Deve. Gowda (1 june 1996 – 21 April 1997) 12. I.K. Gujral (21 April 1997 – 19 March 1998) 13. Atal Bihari Vajpayee ( 19 March 1998 – 22 May 2004) 14. Manmohan Singh ( 22 May 2004 – till now)

Applicability of Visualization and RFID Technology -myassignmenthelp

The work scenario is that in my organization different individuals and units perform several functions independently. Each work station is served with a computer and one server. The company is to provide each workstation with integrative linkage to facilitate communication.  Ã‚   The information technology infrastructure provides a chance of using a multiple different service system. The Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags network system helps to come up with different service systems. Huang et.al (2014, p.497) defines RFID as a technology using radio waves in identifying of signals, and virtualization as a technical architecture that links different resources into one single environment. Both visualization and RFID technologies are important. The visualization system is useful because it reduces physical readers and operational costs when using information technology systems. The RFID is useful in business in tracking and identification of network infrastructures signals. The virtualization of RFID tag network system is useful in business because it provides social infrastructure like the internet. Example is the global internet network architecture that uses RFID visualized tag network system (Huang et.al. 2014, p.490). The use of RFID visualized tag network system purpose is to allow multiple service systems users to share the same infrastructure. Technologies in the world are creating are virtual networks or systems are compatible to devices and RFID tag network system (Al-Kassab et.al. 2014, p.420). Visualization is used to create virtual network address in combination with RFID infrastructure which is used to create service center location. Al-Kassab et.al (2014, p.495) explains further that business use service engines to obtained information and creating social network systems with the aid of the two technologies. Al-Kassab, J., Quertani, Z and Neely, A 2014, visualization and support management decisions models, Journal of information technology & decision making, 13 (02), pp. 407-428 Huang, W., Ding, C., Wang,S., Jing, X and Zhang, Z 2014, RFID indoor visualization positioning data, International conference systems and informatics, (pp.497-504), IEEE.

CSR strategy in the oil and gas industry Term Paper

CSR strategy in the oil and gas industry - Term Paper Example Presently, most of the oil drilling companies have set shop in hostile waters, deeper in the sea, which has resulted in numerous achievements over time in the industry. Petroleum is a crucial element to the economy with numerous applications across all industries, and it is, therefore, critical to maintain the supply to drive the global economy. Apart from driving the global economy, the industry provides employment opportunities to thousands of worker around the world. In the United States, the industry provides employment to about 9 million people, which accounts for 5% of the country’s total employment. In addition, oil and gas industry tops the list of revenue generation through taxation, and its contribution to the national economy was over $1 trillion in 2007, about 7.5% of the US gross domestic product (COGA, n.d.). Among the key players in the oil and gas industry in the US include Exxon Mobil Corporation, British Petroleum, Chevron Corporation, Total, and Royal Dutch Shell among others. This Corporation was formed in 1999 following a merger between Exxon and Mobil, to form the largest company in the world (Corporate Watch, n.d.). The merger was aimed at consolidating the economic position of both companies in the oil and gas industry, and enhances the company’s ability to remain an effective competitor in a highly volatile global economy. The Exxon Mobil Corporations net worth is over $264 billion, which makes it the largest in the oil and gas industry (BERA, 2010). Individual companies allied to the merger have been actively involved in heavy exploration and development around the world, with drilling expeditions in the Middle East, Gulf of Mexico, Asia and Africa. The company specializes in the extraction, manufacture and marketing of petroleum and other petroleum products. The corporation holds a sizeable deal of resources that aid in the refining and marketing of its products, with affiliated companies

Images of an "Oriental Other" Assignment

Images of an "Oriental Other" - Assignment Example But tools have changed, and nowadays Western foreign policy is expressed through mass culture and Orientalism is widely presented in mass media production (Nicha 2012). The image of â€Å"Oriental Others† discussed in this essay is the image of Persian Prince, which was presented in 2010 in American movie Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time. The part of the Prince is played by a famous American actor Jake Gyllenhaal and therefore, Persian Prince looks more like a White, Western man, a â€Å"hot†, protagonist and American superhero, as Jehanzeb Dar puts it (Dar 2010). The orientalism of the discussed image is illustrated well through a screen shot from the movie. On this picture Prince fights and defeats an antagonistic personage, a one of the hirelings Assassins, who were hired by â€Å"evil side† to kill Prince. It’s typical in modern American mass culture that the Orient got associated with mysticism, barbarism, despotism, imagination and violence, â€Å"in other words, the opposite to the world of Western Europe†, as West imagines itself (Nicha 2012). Despite that Jake Gyllenhaal visually looks more like American man than like Persian one, the whole plot of the movie and characters are presented in stereotypical way. First of all, there’s a lot of violence in a movie, a lot of fights, and on this particularly picture where Prince fights Assassin, both of them are cold steel armed with weapons traditionally associated with bloodshed. Edward Said says, it’s typical when Oriental Others are shown as people who like violence and understands only force, so â€Å"civilized people† have no other choice but to deal with them using a military force. However, the true reason such image is justification of U.S. military intervention on Middle East, and behind the p owerful myths about how Arabs’ are originally threatening for Americans, true geopolitical

- Compare and contrast the pros and cons of public and private sector Research Paper

- Compare and contrast the pros and cons of public and private sector security convergence efforts - Research Paper Example e remunerations for the police officers are funded by the government thus they are accountable to the society in maintaining law and order in efforts to minimize crime. Owing to the nature and baseline of their responsibilities and roles, public security individuals are therefore unlimitedly tasked to gather intelligence information in their bid to successfully and effectively address all possible threats and factions which may in any way compromise the security situation of the state. The recruitment and deployment of public security personnel remains at the helm of the national government and is done in relation to the need. Private sector security involves the services offered by private organizations or individuals to provide personal security to individual’s homes, apartments and businesses. Private security guards are limited as they are unarmed compared to public security officers. Since private sector security are owned by individuals, their funding is private and combined thus not accountable to the society at large but to the personnel whom they are providing security to. The nature and responsibilities of private security firms is to provide personalized security and including special operation services where and when required. Despite such security firms being limited to weapons and almonry by the state, they play a big role in ensuring that companies and systems conform to the laid down regulations including prevention of unauthorized personnel, activity or entry, traffic regulations, access control and in other facilities or environments fire and theft prevention or detection. Therefo re, private security firms are effectively and consistently in place to bridge the security lapse and gap that the national government and public security firms cannot fill owing to the large number of citizens and activities carried out within a given environment (Li, 2008). The public police play a big role on behalf of the government and society performing duties

Black Hole. Characteristics and nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Black Hole. Characteristics and nature - Essay Example 87, 2004). The presumption of ‘general relativity’ calculates that an adequately dense mass will distort space-time to shape a black hole. In the region of a black hole there is a scientifically described surface known as event sphere that considered being the ‘point of no return’. It is termed black as it soaks up all the radiance that strikes the sphere, not reflecting anything, just similar to an ideal black substance in thermodynamics. According to quantum mechanics, black hole discharges emission similar to a black substance with a restricted temperature. â€Å"This temperature is inversely proportional to the mass of the black hole† (Taylor & Wheeler, p. 194, 2000), and makes it complicated to examine this emission for black hole of astrophysical mass or bigger. It is currently believed that at the core of every galaxy, there is an extremely enormous black hole that is billions of times weightier as compared to the sun. The enormous black hole c onfines nearby stars and pulls them into a spinning accumulation disk. A ‘torus’ within the internal accumulation guards the black hole within those structures that are considered edge on. In a number of these structures, a jet is emitted at a 90 degree angle to the disk and is observed within the visual as well as radio wavebands. In the extreme innermost regions, the disk turns so warm that the discharge is within the â€Å"X-ray and Gamma-ray bands† (Susskind & Lindesay, p. 103, 2004). In spite of its imperceptible centre, the existence of a black hole can be deduced by its contact with other matter. Astronomers have recognized several astrophysical black hole in ‘binary systems’, by learning their contact with their cohort stars. There is rising consent that extremely enormous black holes are real and present at the cores of the majority of galaxies. Specially, there is strong proof of a black hole of above 4 million solar masses at the core of t he ‘Milky Way’. A black hole has a dominant gravitational field that catches all that goes in its vicinity. Scientists now think that a number of galaxies have enormous black holes at their cores. These black holes discharge massive quantities of energy that controls the active happenings that take place in the galaxy. According to scientists, the energy for the black hole may be the â€Å"trapped gas, stars, and dust† (Taylor & Wheeler, p. 78, 2000) that are drawn into the hole. Gas that is drawn into a black hole spins down within the hole much similar to a whirlpool. By means of a â€Å"spectroscope, the Hubble Space Telescope† (Raine & Edwin, p. 28, 2009) has the facility to watch the pace of this gas as it spins around the opening to the hole. The pace with which the gas whirls is said to be the ‘black hole's signature’. By identifying the pace of the gas, the mass of the black hole can be estimated. A black hole at the core of a galaxy i s said to have a â€Å"mass equal to that of 3 billion Suns† (Raine & Edwin, p. 73, 2009). When an object drops into a black hole, any fact regarding the form of that object or allocation of charge on it is consistently spread all along the sphere of the black hole, and is vanished for external viewers. The behaviour of the sphere during this condition is a dissipative structure that is directly equivalent to that of a conductive flexible covering with friction as well as electrical resistance - the covering theory. This is not similar to other field theories such as electromagnetism (Raine & Edwin, p. 70-75, 2009), which have no friction or resistivity on the microscopic point, since they are time reversible. In view of the fact that a black hole ultimately

Relationships and Sexuality Worksheet and Journal Essay

Relationships and Sexuality Worksheet and Journal - Essay Example This paper highlights that the passages offered for consideration provide a comprehensive look at Christian perception of human relations based on the idea of unselfish help, love and cooperation in the name of God. The righteousness is reflected in a kind and respectful way a person treats other people. At the same time, the importance of careful choice of friends is emphasized, for friends should help a person in self-improvement and encourage all the best traits and qualities. Thus, these passages shape the attitude towards relationships based on benevolence.As the report outlines sexuality viewed from the Christian point of view should be free of impurity and sexual immorality. The key ideas promoted in the given passages are: 1) the connection between a human and the God through the body and thus necessity to keep the body ‘clean’ from adultery, sexually immoral actions and evil desires; 2) the idea of mutual marital fidelity and being loyal to a single person whom one has once chosen. In other words, sexuality in Christian context has certain moral restrictions that should keep people from crossing the line between sexuality and immorality.  The purpose in life is a kind of a lighthouse that leads us though the life journey, otherwise we could easily get lost. In fact, a person can take anything for a life purpose, anything that fills his/her way with sense turning mere existence into full life.  

The Vision of the New World That the Colonists Brought to America Essay Example for Free

The Vision of the New World That the Colonists Brought to America Essay New England, on the other hand, had developed into a religion and family based society comprised of mostly middle class families by 1700. Looking at the terrain, government, and the people themselves, reveals clues about how the drastic split in society came to be. While residing in England, the Puritans and faithful Catholics faced persecution, which led to their immigration to the New World. Many groups and parishes applied for charters to America and, led by their priest, the Pilgrims and Puritans made the long voyage to North America. Their religion became a unique element in the New England colonies by 1700. Before landing, the groups settled on agreements, signing laws and pacts to ensure a community effort towards survival when they came to shore, and while settling in New England. Their strong sense of community and faith in God led them to develop a hardworking society by year 1700. Their towns were well organized, with the church being the basis of everyones daily life, and they wanted to establish equality and have everyone working together in harmony. Family was an important part of the Puritan religion, so their ships came with twenty-two men and twenty-one women, so there was stability. They learned useful farming techniques from the Native Americans, and farming was their prime source of the economy. The Puritan work ethic kept people from working for extreme material gain. The Puritans were hard workers who had goal for a religiously purified town. Not everyone in England was facing harsh persecution and many travelers came to the New World with high hopes of fame and gold, which led to numerous conflicts. It was a land for the rich to get richer. The people that were assigned to the ships destined for Jamestown (Chesapeake Region) came without their families and their ages ranged from old to young, but mainly oung men. The men outnumbered the women six to one. This caused the society to be more chaotic because there were many broken families and a mad rush for the few women. The settlers in the Chesapeake region main goal were to get rich, or to gain new land and find gold. According to John Smith, all the people could do was live for gold; it was their only purp ose. The Chesapeake Bay settlers had to endure the harshness of their new environment. The climate was not favorable and nearly half of the people died because of exposure to diseases or starvation. Those that were lucky and survived these hardships were left to fight with the local Indians. Dis-organized and unable to find mountains of gold, large tobacco plantations were started and farming was taken up by the settlers. These business men were not use to being agricultural farmers. This was why things were so difficult before John Smith took lead of the colony with his â€Å"You don’t work, you don’t eat† mentality. People were not accustomed to hard work and physical labor, and the colony was dying slow. As a result of the hardships the first importation of slavery began in the colonies. At first indentured servants were being used to work the fields, but they were far less exploited than the slaves. Indentured servants worked for the person who paid their way to the Colony until the depths were paid off, but soon their services were less useful and slaves were being imported in massive numbers. The colonial planters were making money and gaining large profits off of free labor. The development of the two cultures may also have been the result of the terrain the groups occupied. In the Chesapeake region, the colonists settled on swampy marshland that was hard to defend and even more difficult to survive in. With so many people dying from disease and starvation, and the extreme shortage of marriageable women, the population grew slowly, if at all. Families were more groups of mangy children half related, from different fathers. Frequent death made unnatural family life a common thing. In the New England colonies, the people chose flat, manageable ground that left them with easy to plow fields. The soil and religious beliefs were ideal for subsistence farming, which meant small, manageable farms that would provide for a family of eight to ten. Since the farmers looked only to feed themselves, there was little, if any, need for extra abor; having most, if not all, workers available inside their own family. The moderate climate made disease a rarity in the colony, and death even more so. The balanced family life and food supply meant more able-minded colonists. Society had a patriarchal structure of man before woman and woman before child. Children themselves skipped over a childhood and we re treated as adults at a very early age. They were expected to obey their parents and keep faith in the church. All these elements together led to Northern prosperity and growth. The land itself was important, more so was how it became used for profit. This land is money belief was a unique attribute of the region by 1700. The motive for profit also helped to develop society in the Chesapeake region. The Chesapeake men discovered tobacco and began a fierce production of it from their plantations. Since tobacco depleted the soil rapidly, new land was always a must. To acquire this land, wealthy owners paid for servants to be brought over and work the fields. Each was given a land grant of fifty acres, which was not worth all that much. However, the men were bringing over ten, twenty, maybe even thirty servants to work in the tobacco fields. Thirty men at fifty acres a piece add up to a lot of land, so the land owners started to bring in slavery and more black people to work their fields. Instead of growing tobacco, New England farmers were most likely to produce barley or corn, which helped them stay well fed during long winter months. They were more concerned with the survival of their families than the profit they could make from the rich soil, so the food was not sold for a profit. Rather, the colony became self-supporting in the issue of food. With food taken care of, the New England colonies were left to import stoves, tea, and spices, among other things. Since they only needed to grow food to support their own family as subsistence farmers, New England farmers rarely had any more than their original acreage. This created a more equal reality for all owners, comfortable or struggling. The differences between the New England colonies and the Chesapeake colonies led to separate societies by the time of the 1700s. Agriculture, motive, people, religion, and terrain are all factors that affected how they grew apart. However, it is also through the actions of the men and woman who settled in the regions, and the choices they made, that led to the development of these two colonies.