Culture identity Essay

Strategic Management Process Paper Essay Example for Free

Vital Management Process Paper Essay The vital administration process comprises of four significant segments; they are ecological filtering, procedure detailing, methodology usage, and assessment and control. They each are separated into their particular jobs inside the key administration process. The Environmental Scanning is the checking, assessing, and dispersing of data from the outer and inside conditions to key individuals inside the company. A simple method to utilize this segment would be SWOT, this abbreviation represents Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats and it shows the key elements for every individual organization. The following part of the procedure is the Strategy Formula and that is the advancement of long-run plans for the compelling administration of nature openings and treats, considering corporate qualities and shortcomings, this procedure additionally relay’s on the SWOT procedure. This procedure characterizes the corporate crucial, indicates attainable destinations, creates systems and helps setting approach rules. Methodologies Implementation is the procedure of which techniques and polices are placed energetically through the advancement of projects, financial plans, and methodology. This procedure can make changes occur inside an organization, for example, generally speaking society, structure, and the executives arrangement of the whole association. At the point when a corporate wide change is required the usage of procedure will be led by the center and lower level administration, and afterward the higher supervisory group would audit those changes. This can be called operational arranging too and that would actualize everyday changes. The last procedure of the vital administration process is assessment and control; this is the procedure which corporate exercises and execution results are observed so the presentation that is going on now can be contrast with what is normal. This would apply to directors on all levels andâ they utilize this data to make restorative move and resolve any issues. This piece of the procedure can likewise pinpoint shortcomings in past executed vital plans and can make the procedure start from the very beginning once more (Wheelen Hunger, 2010). Key administration is significant for some reasons. As a matter of first importance these procedures help pioneers to actualize the vision and strategic the organization, and what objectives are expected to get the organization where it needs to go. Normally made by the proprietor or top administration in an organization, the key administration plan offers bearing and direction to the representatives, sets up quantifiable objectives and courses of events and assigns obligations of all work force. Advertising and deals projections are remembered for the key arrangement just as plans to audit the accomplishments of every division (Ray, 2012, p.1). BMW Strategic Process BMW is a German car and cruiser maker. BMW autos are viewed as extravagance vehicles with unlimited measures of choices and costly sticker prices. The organization, which was one after another was seriously battling monetarily is amazingly fruitful. The association keeps on selling more consideration consistently, made solid brand acknowledgment, and a devoted client following. BMW made what they call corporate Strategy Number One; this incorporates plans for the future, overview results, and execution assessments. The reason for the methodology is to seek after the vision of being the main supplier of premium items and premium administrations for singular versatility (BMW Group†, n.d.). The methodology keeps on depicting the target and how BMW plans to arrive at those goals. To explain the association incorporated the outcomes from overviews disseminated to investors and representatives. The difficulties the organization faces were likewise plainly spread out, alongside past accomplishments. End In the wake of looking at all the vital components to a vital administration process one can comprehend why each is important to make progress. The components cooperate and when done appropriately do as such with little exertion. Nonetheless, to avoid any difficulties from rivalry the components need looking at much of the time to check whether changes are important. BMW furnishes an excellentâ example of an association with strong key administration. The association has obvious procedures and assesses current procedure and is looking to what's to come. References: Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D. (2010). Ideas in Strategic Management and Business Policy Achieving Sustainability (twelfth ed.). Recovered on September 15, 2014 from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Beam, L. (2012). Key Management Process, eHow Contributor. Recovered September 15, 2014 from http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4964358_strategic-the executives process.html BMW Group. (n.d.). Recovered on September 15, 2014 from http://www.bmwgroup.com/e/0_0_www_bmwgroup_com/verantwortung/publikationen/sustainable_value_report_2008/_pdf/SVR_2008_engl_Kapitel_1.pdf

Questions for Your Next One-on-One Meeting

Questions for Your Next One-on-One Meeting One-on-ones might sound like a necessary evil of being a manager, but they actually are an important part of running a successful team. But simply organising meetings is not going to bring fame and fortune for your team. The key to successful meetings often lies in preparation and in asking the right questions.If you want to make the most of your one-on-ones, then here are some of the best questions you can ask at your next meeting. We’ve also outlined the most important elements of running a successful one-on-one and the things you need to avoid.Whether you are a manager or the employee, the below information can help you focus on the right things at your next meeting and to impress your team with your knowledge. © Shutterstock.com | Sergey NivensIn this article, you will learn about 1) the importance of one-on-ones, 2) the elements to make one-on-ones a success, 3) essential questions for one-on-one meetings, 4) things to avoid during one-on-ones, and 5) final thoughts.THE IMPORTANCE OF ONE-ON-ONESOne-on-ones are usually considered a bit of a waste of time and many, employees and managers alike, have bad experiences to share. But that is not because the basic concept of one-on-ones is somehow flawed, but rather because most managers don’t know how to build a successful one-on-one.These little meetings are at their best a team building exercise and something that can save the team from a lot of hassle later on. This is because the short meetings can help the team to solve and focus on these key things:Streamline performance â€" One-on-ones make it easier to correct performance. They guarantee you catch the minor errors in the work and the meetings allow correction of these errors before th e problems turn into bigger issues. They also make it easier to reward the employee, which in itself will help boost team morale.Ensures the team is on the same page â€"In a hectic work environment it is easy to lose sight of the big goal sometimes. One-on-ones make it easier to ensure people are always aware of the priorities and goals, guaranteeing the whole team is working towards the same goal.Builds relationships between the teamâ€"A good work team requires good relationships within the team. Building a relationship is much easier with regular contact with the team members. Successful meetings increase trust and can instantly make it easier to solve difficult situation.Working in a team requires much more than pure focus on the job at hand. As the work environment entails people, it is crucial to ensure each individual is appreciated and noticed. By investing in the wellbeing of the team members, as well as the efficiency of the project, managers make it more likely the employe e also wants to guarantee the company succeeds.THE ELEMENTS TO MAKE ONE-ON-ONES A SUCCESSSince one-on-ones are crucial for the success of the company, how can you guarantee you are doing them the right way? Firstly, understanding the importance of these meetings is already an important step to building a great one-on-one.Secondly, you want to focus on the elements that create a culture of good one-on-ones at the workplace. The below is a collection of these elements and they are a great guideline for any manager looking to add more meaning to one-on-ones.Prepare in advanceDon’t treat one-on-ones as a meeting that just happens. Although the conversation should be relaxed and open to new directions, it doesn’t mean you don’t need to prepare for it.You need to have a list of the most important things you’d like to go through and it’s a good idea to prepare feedback for the employee.Plan enough time for the one-on-one meetingThe meeting should ideally last at least 30 minutes. This ensures the conversation doesn’t feel rushed, but you also don’t want it to be longer than needed.Make sure you organise the one-on-ones when you have enough time at hand. If you or, indeed, the employee feel too stressed with other tasks, it might hinder the effectiveness of the meeting.Let your employee run the one-on-one meetingThe meeting should never be about the manager, but about the employee! Even though you need to prepare for the meeting, you need to ensure the meeting’s focus is on the employee.This highlights to the employee that you, as a manager, truly value their opinion and it ensures the employee also comes prepared for the meeting. So, always tell the employee you want them to run the meeting beforehand!Ask questions and listen to your employeeYou must listen to your employee â€" do not get into a meeting with pre-set mind. Be open to their ideas and ask questions about their experience. This helps you understand the person better and helps build a stro nger relationship.Keep the meetings regularOne-on-ones shouldn’t be an occasional meeting that mostly happens when things aren’t going well in the company. The more regular the meeting, the better the team’s work ethic will be.Hold your meetings regularly and don’t get into the habit of cancelling them! You don’t want the employees to feel the meetings aren’t important.Total dedication and presence during the meetingToday’s workplace can be quite hectic, but the dangers of multitasking are becoming more evident. When you are holding a one-on-one, make sure you dedicate all of your time and focus to the meeting. Don’t answer the phone or check your e-mails while you are at the meeting!Don’t forget notes or follow-throughsRemember to use the one-on-one as an opportunity to improve the company and the team spirit. Always take notes of what the employee is telling you to ensure you can check if the ideas are worth implementing.In addition, don’t forget to send an e-m ail or other such note about the meeting to your employee. This can be a compilation of the points discussed at the meeting and ideas for the next meeting.Make the employee the priority of the meetingAbove all, the employee needs to be the priority of the meeting. The one-on-one isn’t about your company or the goal at hand, it is about helping the employee to succeed. If your employee succeeds, your company will succeed.Finally, the below YouTube video is a great introduction to organising successful meetings. THE ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS FOR ONE-ON-ONE MEETINGNot all questions are alike and you don’t want to use the precious time for asking the wrong questions. If you want to make the most of the meeting, you need to know what are the key questions to ask.Since both managers and employees should be asking questions at the meeting, we’ve split this section in to two. You can find the best questions for both managers and employees.1) What should the manager be asking?The following a re some example questions a manager should be asking at one-on-ones:What would you like to focus on at this meeting?As mentioned above, you want the employee to lead the conversation and so it is a good idea to ask the above question. It helps to kick start the conversation and you can focus your own follow-up questions accordingly.How did last week go? What did you learn during last week?You want to ask about the employee’s workweek to make sure you see how well they are doing. Their answer can tell you a lot about the way they prepare for the work and point out any problems they might have.You also want your employees to be constantly improving their skills and asking about what new they have learned can help you streamline your management style as well to support their development.How are you preparing for the week ahead?As well as asking about what the employee has done, you also want to focus on the future. Ask about their plans and give tips if they seem lost.What has inspir ed and motivated you in the past week?Keep asking about the employee’s inspiration and motivation. This can help you ensure your employees feel motivated and rewarded.What are your biggest concerns at the moment? How would you solve them?Make sure you also focus on the problematic areas of the work or the specific project. You also want to find out what your employee would do to solve the situation.If you could change one thing, what would it be?This doesn’t necessarily even need to be about the workplace or the project. The answer can give you great insight into the employee’s personality and focus.What would you like me to help you with the most?With this question, you can make your employee feel more appreciated. It tells them you have not let them to their own devices and the question can help you ensure your team members stay motivated.Does the work you do meet your expectations? If not, why?Your employee had a reason to seek employment with your company and you want to m ake sure you know what drove them to the position. Continue to keep asking whether they are satisfied with the position and the career and how you can ensure they stay happy.How are you doing outside work?Naturally, you need to also ask about their personal life. Once you get to know the person more, you can ask more direct questions like “How are the kids?” and “What did you do with your partner during the weekend?” Just ensure you don’t sound intrusive and don’t push the employee to talk about things they don’t want.What should the employee be asking?But the manager shouldn’t be the only one asking questions. In order to make the most of the meetings, it’s crucial the employee also asks the tough questions.What are the key goals for you?By understanding your manager’s goals, you can better focus on the right aspects in your own work. It is important that you are both aware of each other’s goals and dreams in the workplace.How would you like me to improve my w ork?As well as giving your own insight into improving your work, you also want to know what your manager thinks. Your manager might be able to point out things to you that you wouldn’t necessarily pick up yourself.Do I continue to meet the company’s expectations?You were most likely picked as the preferred candidate from a group of other people seeking employment and you want to know what made the company hire you. Keep asking questions that tell you whether you are still meeting these expectations and what the company would want from you in the future.What can I be accountable for the next time we talk?You want your manager to provide you tasks and goals. Take the initiative to ask about these instead of just assuming to know what they are.How could I help the team this week?You also want to make sure to ask about your role and responsibilities within the bigger team. It’s a good idea to let your manager know you can help him or her deal with tricky situations and to help ens ure every member in the team is doing their job correctly.What challenge could I take to better my career?You should also be aware of the career path your manager has taken and ask his or her insight into how you can improve yours. Your manager might be able to help you find challenges that give your career more focus and perhaps even help you find a position that better suits your ambitions.How could you help me solve this problem?If you have a problem at work, instead of just blurting it out, ask your manager for insights. This will make the issue seem like an obstacle you want to overcome rather than just a whine about the situation.How are you doing?Finally, you should also be interested in your manager’s personal life. Don’t forget to ask about his or her personal activities and goals, as this makes you both feel more at ease together.THE THINGS TO AVOID DURING ONE-ON-ONEFinally, it is important to understand some of the most common pitfalls managers make when it comes to o rganising one-on-ones. Like with many things in life, it sometimes helps to be aware of the things you need to avoid, as well as the things you should be doing.The below points are common mistakes managers make in the meetings, so don’t be too harsh on yourself if you recognise yourself from the points. Just be sure the next meeting you organise won’t be filled with these mishaps.Treating it like an interviewOne-on-one meetings aren’t an interview but rather a conversation. Although you need to ask questions, especially the ones mentioned above, you shouldn’t just make it a question-answer-question kind of situation.Use the questions as a way to engage in a meaningful conversation and one where ideas are born and new thoughts come to life. Let the questions direct the conversation, but not be the sole purpose of it.Furthermore, you need to be careful to avoid following a similar pattern each week or repeatedly asking the same questions. While you need to know how the project is going along, don’t always ask, “So how’s the project going along?”Solely focusing on the businessBusiness here doesn’t just mean the company, but rather aspects of the professional life. Don’t make the meeting only about what is going on in terms of work life, but balance it with personal issues.It’s impossible to completely remove your personal life from your job and therefore you want to be aware of things the employee is going through outside of work. It doesn’t need to get into any detail, but you want to be aware of the personal aspect of the employee’s life as well.Using it as an ego boostThe meeting isn’t about the bragging rights within a team. You shouldn’t ever make it about you as a manager or the company. One-on-ones shouldn’t just be an ego boost for either the manager or the employee, but rather a meeting to discuss the positives and negatives of the project.Furthermore, while talking about your personal lives can help bridge the gap between the two of you and build your relationship further, make sure the conversation isn’t one-sided. Don’t make it all about your own weekend trips!Too rash follow-up judgementsAs mentioned above, you should always follow-up the points discussed at the meeting. But don’t be too quick with the follow-ups in terms of judgement. If you immediately give feedback on the ideas, you are more likely to say ‘no’ to them. On the other hand, you also don’t want to agree with an idea, no matter how good it sounds, without carefully thinking it through.Whether or not you agree with the idea, you need to make sure you justify your reasoning later on. Sometimes you could even continue the conversation at a next meeting, once both of you have brainstormed the idea further.FINAL THOUGHTSOne-on-ones can enhance the way the team operates and help the business flourish. But they are also a great way to learn more about yourself and the work you do. It is, therefore, important to pay attention t o what goes on in the meeting and learn from the feedback you give and receive.A good one-on-one question is always focused on improvement and enhancing your skillset. Don’t treat the meeting as an unavoidable aspect of your job, but rather as an opportunity to improve your own career and help your company to succeed.

Escape from Industrialization in Wells The Time Machine...

Escape from Industrialization in Wells The Time Machine Our society craves an escape from life. When our tedious jobs bog us down, we escape into a hobby. When the responsibilities of school tire us, we escape in a vacation. When world affairs take a frightening turn of events, we escape in a good movie or absorbing book. There are countless distractions available to lighten our heavy minds and ease our anxieties. But it was not always as easy as it is today. What if distractions such as these were available only to a leisured class? What if the average person did not have the means to escape, even in small ways? This was the dilemma in late Victorian England. The people who needed and craved escape the†¦show more content†¦The changes involved with industrialization had lead to an increased struggle between the classes, driving the working class and wealthy class further apart. The wealthy could have afforded many different means of escape, from traveling to the countryside to enjoying the theater. Their lives were relatively painless compared to the difficult lives of the poor. Factory work, made possible and necessary by industrialization, was a huge part of the lives of the working class. The poor did not enjoy the same benefits as the rich, while they did contribute the backbreaking labor necessary to drive industrialization. This relationship between the rich and poor is explored in The Time Machine. Using his knowledge of science and technology, the Time Traveller creates a working time machine. Full of excitement and expectation, the Time Traveller speeds into the future, eventually stopping in the year 802,701 AD. The world he encounters is not the technologically-advanced society he expected to find and he quickly formulates a theory about the strange beings that he meets. Instead of being greeted by a human, the Time Traveller meets a very beautiful and graceful creature, but indescribably frail. His flushed face reminded me of the more beautiful kind of consumptive-that hectic beauty of which we used to hear so much (Wells 19-20). The frailty of this angelic invalid is its most distinguishing feature.Show MoreRelatedIndustrialization Of Industrialization And Industrialization Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization is a starting point for many of the technologies and facto ries around and exists today, despite the negative influences of the industrialization, people gained many benefits from it too. For example, because of the industrialization workers are more efficient producing goods and products, also industrialization helped many people walked out of the countryside which broadens their perspectives. 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Herman Webster Mudgett Serial Killer - 984 Words

Herman Webster Mudgett Herman Webster Mudgett was a serial kill from 1886 to 1894. He is allegedly responsible for hundreds of murders. He is most know for the killings that he did in his Chicago hotel that he opened during the 1893 World’s Fair. Many say that he was the first extreme serial killer in the United States of America. He was born in Gilmanton, New Hampshire. His mom’s name was Theodate Page Price and his dad’s name was Levi Horton Mudgett. His dad was strict on punishments, and he was bullied a lot as a kid. Herman said when interviewed that when he was younger other kids forced him to touch a human skeleton. When they heard that he was afraid of going to the doctor’s office. The other kids brought him there to scare him,†¦show more content†¦This didn’t stop Herman though he just kill Ms.Holton and told everyone who asked about her that she moved to California with relatives. He then bought the lot across the street and build his three story block long hotel that people called â€Å"the castle†. The first floor of the castle contained his pharmacy, a jeweler, and various other shops. The other two floors contained his personal office and a maze of over one hundred windowless rooms with doorways that would lead nowhere, doors that could only be opened from the outside, and other labyrinth like structures. He would change builder frequently, so no one would fully understand what the building really was and report it to the police. He would kill a selected female employs for life insurance policy. He would also kill lovers and some of his hotel guests. He would lock some in soundproof bedrooms fitted with gas lines to asphyxiate them at any time. He would also lock some of his victims in huge bank vault near his office, so he could listen to them scream, panicked and eventually suffocate, because of the vault being soundproof. He would throw the bodies down a secret chute that led to the basement, so he could get rid of them.he would strip them of flesh, make skeleton models out of them, and sell them to schools for research. He would cremate his victim s, place some in lime pits, a pit of acid, he also had to giant furnaces, a stretching rack, and various poisons. He would also perform hundredsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Erik Larson s The Devil 1250 Words   |  5 PagesDevil in the White City chronologically, alternating between the construction of the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair and the evolution of a serial killer. In doing so, Larson is able to explore the details of the fair in-depth, while keeping the interest of the reader. By using this organizational structure, Larson is also able to tell the gruesome tale of a serial killer without scaring away his audience. Overall, the pairing of these two stories helps to balance out the novel. Throughout parts I andRead MoreAmerica s First Serial Killer1347 Words   |  6 PagesH.H. Holmes, born in 1861 as Herman Webster Mudgett, was an extremely notable con man, fraud and murderer. More popularly known as America’s first serial killer, Holmes had a vast and varying criminal record. For instance, his criminal record ranged from forging checks and life insurance claims, to killing off entire families in his â€Å"murder† hotel. The one most identifiable pattern to his offenses resides in his economic struggle. As seen in a documentary directed by John Borowski, most of the individualsRead MoreDr. H. H. Holmes: Americas First Serial Killer Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesH. Holmes himself in 1896. Holmes was the first major serial killer in America, even though he came after many others in his time. Thomas Neil Cream, the Austin Axe Murderer, the Bloody Benders, and Jack the Ripper came before him. His name was originally Herman Webster Mudgett. He was born on May 16th, 1860 in Gilman, New Hampshire. He was raised by his mother and father, who was a wealthy and respected citizen for 25 years. As a boy, Mudgett was always in trouble and was well known in his communityRead MoreH.H. Holmes. After The Industrial Revolution Fabricated1593 Words   |  7 Pagesof the country was settling down, a man by the name of Herman Webster Mudgett, otherwise known as HH Holmes, had a different approximation of why he should move to the city. HH Holmes was perhaps the most intelligent and deadly serial killer due to countless acts of successful insurance scams and murders. Gilmanton, New Hampshire welcomed a new citizen on May 16, 1861 by Levi Mudgett and Theodate Price who named their son Herman Webster Mudgett (H.H. Holmes Biography†). The young boy grew up in theRead MoreIs America s First Serial Killer Essay908 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica’s first serial killer, H.H. Holmes demised a plan like no other to torture and kill woman in the early 1890’s in Chicago, Illinois (H.H. Holmes, 2004). Masquerading as a charismatic prominent businessman, and caring doctor, H.H. Holmes was a true monster (H.H. Holmes, 2004). Known later as the â€Å"torture doctor† or the â€Å"monster of 63rd street†, he methodically planned, attacked, and controlled his victims till the very end (H.H. Holmes, 2004). Born Herman Webster Mudgett on May 16, 1861Read MoreHolmes : Americas First Serial Killer1139 Words   |  5 Pages According Florida Gulf Coast University Serial Killer Database, there has been 2,625 serial killers so far in the United States, the most of any country in the world. However, this trend all started out with H.H. Holmes: America’s first serial killer. H.H. Holmes was born in New Hampshire as Herman Webster Mudgett in 1861. He was extremely bright in school and excelled beyond the other kids in his class. Because of this, he was bullied a lot by his jealous schoolmates. One incident stands out amongRead MoreSerial Killers: H. H. Holmes Essay2491 Words   |  10 Pagesnightmares, both fascinating and terrifying. Serial killers hide behind bland and normal existences. They are often able to escape being caught for years, decades and sometimes an eternity. These are America’s Serial Killers (America’s Serial Killers). â€Å"Even when some of them do get caught, we may not recognize what they are because they don’t [sic] match the distorted image we have of serial killers† (Brown). What is that distorted image? That killers live among everyday life, they are the ones whoRead MoreThe World s Columbian Exposition1428 Words   |  6 Pagesstaying with would soon become one of the first documented serial killers. Many aspects throughout Holmes’s life formed him into the kind of person he turned out to be. Influences from his childhood, his greed for money and power, and his intelligence gave him the ability to construct his â€Å"Murder Castle† and carry out the numerous killings. Studies show that children’s most formative years are from birth to age five. Born as Herman Webster Mudgett on May 16, 1861, Holmes showed signs at a very earlyRead MoreBeing Too Brilliant Is Dangerous1073 Words   |  5 PagesSometimes being too brilliant is dangerous. Herman Mudgett lived a normal childhood, for the most part, but he also did things your average child wouldn’t do. He had an impressive college education, although it lead to him committing insurance fraud and the stealing of corpses. After moving to Chicago, he continued the fraud and began the homicides. He had many girlfriends and wives, women tended to fall for his charm, which lead to their death. Henry H. Holmes did terrible things, from trickingRead MoreThe Night At The Corner Of A Street1686 Words   |  7 Pagesturned into a nightmarish death sentence. While this may seem like something out of a horror movie, these horrid events really did take place. This so called hotel, known today as â €Å"The Murder Castle†, was an elaborate contraption created by Herman Webster Mudgett, who is more commonly known as H. H. Holmes. Dr. Holmes opened The World’s Fair Hotel, now referred to as The Murder Castle, where he killed and dissected his victims in order to feed his insatiable bloodlust and greed. This man might as well

Are Parents the Best Teachers Free Essays

Obviously, the first teachers we have in our lives in most cases are our parents. They teach us to walk, to speak, and to have good manners before we reach â€Å"the real world. † More than even the professional teachers that we have in school, parents are generally the most involved in the development and education of children. We will write a custom essay sample on Are Parents the Best Teachers? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Almost for sure our parents are the best teachers at the beginning of our lives, which actually corresponds to the parents’ role in nature. Parents are most committed and involved in teaching their children; they have a kind of instinct to sacrifice a part of themselves for the betterment of their children. They love us and have great patience while passing down their knowledge to us. They wish us a success and thus will not teach us bad things. And of course, implicit learning occurs when children unconsciously copy some of their parents’ habits and styles of behavior. During the second stage of child development, adolescence, parents can still be in the best position to offer advice even though the children might not accept it. In this case, perhaps the child’s friends would be the best teachers. Adolescents are notoriously rebellious in many cultures and may automatically reject any advice from their parents. My first marriage for instance, was solely a matter of doing the opposite when my parents tried to intrude in offering their advice. So in such matters, parents should be much more flexible and be rather the partners with their children. So we can see that being a teacher of growing child become more and more complicated case as the time passes and many parents are simply not able to meet the increased demands. On the other hand, I would say that parents are not professional teachers and they tend to be very biased by their love of their children. So wishing good things and an easy life may prevent children from maturation. In any case, parents usually can present only one viewpoint of the world, while good teaching should be based on different attitudes. Thus, when children go to school and have a great diversity of teachers, they learn much more than their parents could probably give them. Furthermore, once our parents get older, they become more conservative and cannot always be objective in regard to modern trends and fashions. Thus we need to take their advice with caution during that period. However, some kind of intuition which I believe shared between relatives about what everybody needs and great love which exists in a families still makes our parents very good teachers and advisers at any time. In conclusion, while parents are not the ideal teachers, and well-rounded children will generally need a great diversity of teachers in their lives in order to have a more accurate view of the world, parents are generally the most committed of all teachers and have the greatest emotional investment in their children and their future. How to cite Are Parents the Best Teachers?, Papers

The Death Penalty in the US Criminal Justice System

Introduction The death penalty has been a largely debated form of punishment in the U.S. since its inception. The law supporting this unkind and unfair sentence was thus, put under scrutiny and consequently several death sentences were either overturned or could only be carried out on proportionate grounds by the supreme courts heralding a new era in the criminal justice system of the US.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Death Penalty in the US Criminal Justice System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The legal arguments for this decision made by the higher courts were cited in line with the 8th amendment that called for the exclusive considerations on several factors that mainly touched on racial disparities, age of a convict, proper evidence that can incriminate the accused persons, respective human rights action plans against such people, satisfactory judgment delivered either by unanimous decision or a majo rity of votes by the judges and so on (Burns 1). Age The Supreme Court made a decision based on the 8th amendment to relook into criminal cases viewed as cruel or unusual, and instead provided an alternative favorable form of punishment. Most death sentences were slashed down to life imprisonment, leaving only deserved cases as death sentences. For instance, some states were forced to repackage their judicial laws after realizing that the judgment commonly delivered never materialized particularly when the cases involved were referred back to the supreme courts, which in turn, after careful hearing, overturned the rulings in favor of the accused. This occurred in cases that were considered to lack the 8th amendment thresholds for the death penalty. These circumstances made several states to re-enact laws governing the death penalty, which was a major concern to the supreme courts’ contradiction to the imposition of death sentence arbitrarily. The application of such fair tria ls justifying the subsequent sentences handed down by the supreme courts began from the year 1972. This was after the capital punishment was found to be unconstitutionally biased and cruel. An exception to this is in cases where sentences were delivered after considering the extra routine endorsement. The cases and the respective judgment on the death penalty jurisprudence handed by the supreme courts entirely depended on the moral significance culpable by the law and factors of discretion (Head 1). The Supreme Court in accordance with the laws governing the 8th amendment decided that death penalty for a minor is a harsh kind of penalty. This is supported by the fact that in a 5-4 court ruling, it was labeled unconstitutional when any convict at the time of committing the crime is below the age of 18.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, it is morally incorrect to implicate children who commit crime in relation to adults who has acted in the same way since their respective intentions cannot apply together. Example of such ruling involving a minor was a criminal case for Christopher Simmons who was sentenced to death but later overruled; Case, Roper v Simmons. Another example of such case in which the age of a convict was contested involved a 15 year old at the time of committing the crime. William Thompson was sentenced to death after being convicted of murder. Due to this, the Supreme Court overturned the decision of an Oklahoma court by explaining that the execution of the minor violated the eighth amendment statute. The case here is, Thompson v. Oklahoma. Racial disparities Another main issue surrounding the death penalty is the racial inequality that has been historically characteristic with handing of the penalty in the U.S. For instance, consider a case involving an African American who was convicted of two counts of robbery plus one count of murder. Aft er convictions in county courts and subsequently condemned to death, his plea was heard whereby the Supreme Court ruling overturned the death penalty imposed. The final ruling stated that the majority should not dictate matters of humanity since it is unconstitutional. For example, it was viewed that those accused of killing white people could easily be handed the death sentence compared to murderers for black persons. After much consideration and scrutiny of the penalty, the courts offered a platform for the voiceless like the accused person in question.i.e case, McCleskey v kemp. Mental state of the convict Mental instability in most people is believed to have unnatural rage subconscious to a person’s mind. It is for this reason that informed the Supreme Court to offer a reprieve on death penalty for mentally retarded persons who commit a criminal offence. As a result of this, the death sentence was found to be unconstitutionally excessive thereby restricting the state†™s power to deliver death penalty as a form of punishment on similar cases under the same state of mind. For instance, Daryl Atkins was convicted of murder even though his IQ score was 59 hence; the Supreme Court reversed the earlier ruling which did not evaluate his condition as that of mild mental condition; Case, Atkins v. Virginia (Jacobs 1). Proper evidence of aggravating circumstances Proper reasons were to be evaluated so as to be used against a convict. For instance, in order to incriminate a person, the Supreme Court made a decision to provide a clear distinction on where imposition of death can be allowed. It was unanimously passed that there could be circumstances when the evidence produced could exempt on the death penalty for non-murder offenses like rape except for crimes comparable to treason.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Death Penalty in the US Criminal Justice System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was seen during the trial for Antonym Coker who escaped from custody but got re-arrested and condemned to death penalty for rape. The Supreme Court in turn overturned the first sentence arguing that it was too harsh on the ground that most rape cases may not involve murder. Another similar case in which a sentence by the lower court was annulled by that of the Supreme Court took place in Lousiana.The criminal case involved Patrick Kennedy accused of raping his 8 year old step daughter. The Supreme Court then scrutinized his case after a successful appeal against a capital punishment handed earlier. The argument of the higher court then concluded that imposing the death penalty against the convict was against the 8th amendment and therefore unconstitutional because the crime neither resulted nor was intended to terminate the innocent life of his victim (Radelet Akers 1). Therefore, the ruling decided that the accused should instead be sent to life imprisonment; Ca se, Kennedy v. Louisiana. Method of delivering the death sentence In cases where the method used to administer the death penalty is considered cruel and painful, the Supreme Court could then deliberate on a particular ruling by a junior state court. This was observed during the sentencing of Ralph Baze who was convicted for murder and sure enough condemned to death by a Kentucky state court by lethal injection and instead appealed against the ruling, only for the sentence to be re-affirmed by the Supreme Court since the method for its application was considered safe after all. The same scenario was also witnessed during the trial of Jimmy L. Glass who was sentenced to death according to the legal argument of Louisiana court by electrocution. Through his lawyers, he argued that the application and the intensity when passing the death sentence through electrocution can cause serious injuries and pain and therefore do not meet the humane standards as required by the constitution (White 1). The final judgment by the Supreme Court thus dismissed the petition thereby allowing the lower court’s ruling to go ahead; Case, Jimmy L. Glass v.Lousiana. Improper judgment Pending cases provided relevant provisions to re-appeal the death sentence if the trial is perceived to be as a result of discretion of a judge determining the outcome of a case almost single handedly. Take for example, the trial of Timothy Ring, a convict of first degree murder and sentenced to life imprisonment only for a state judge to step-up the penalty to another sentence by death. Consequently though, the Supreme Court reversed the decision citing that statutory maximum sentence should be put before a jury panel since the judge was found to have acted improperly without a sitting legal bench who could have delivered a unanimous decision; Case, Ring v. Arizona.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Special procedure for capital penalty It was realized that rulings could impose the death penalty by ignoring the nature or circumstance preceding a crime. Therefore, it was required that a jury must be able to cite a possible statutory aggravating legal requirement before delivering any formal penalty by death. Such a case where the judgment was allowed to stand as it was involved Troy Leon who was convicted for robbery and murder for which he was handed over death sentence (Head 1). On challenging his trial, the Supreme Court rejected his plea and instead maintained the earlier verdict by dismissing the robbery factor since the statutory system was not found to violate the constitutional statutes; Case, Gregg v. Georgia. The legislative judgments of some states Several courts in some states decided to respond to the modification of the death penalty especially for murder committed in relation to a felony. Such states that rejected the death penalty arising from committing a felony therefore illegalized the practice hence the Supreme Court found it as an appropriate way by providing more options for fair trial. This was arrived at after establishing the fact that, the death penalty usually imposed may be too harsh for a convict who did not participate in a murder or intended to carry out such heinous act. A case of study featured Enmund in which the death penalty was outlawed when determining the ultimate ruling by the supreme judges since they decided that it could not be imposed under circumstances of felony; Case, Enmund v. Florida. Contrary to the above case where a reprieve was provided by the Supreme Court, in Tison’s case, several state supreme courts amended their interpretation of the death penalty during such a case involving a felony by allowing capital punishment to take precedence in such future cases (White 1). This particular case was determined by analyzing noticeable circumstances of felony during the murder. The death penalty verdict was thus delivered since inquiries revealed passion and recklessness; Case, Tison v. Arizona. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is apparent that the suitability of imposing a death is questionable. From a number of precedents set on the death penalty, it is apparent that giving a life imprisonment instead of a death penalty will be more humane than a death penalty in permissible situations. All in all, a death penalty should be avoided as much as possible. Works Cited Burns, Kari. â€Å"Punishment: Death penalty†. 2011. Web. Head, Tom. â€Å"The Eighth Amendment†. 2011-May 6. Web. Jacobs, Nancy. â€Å"Death Penalty Essay†. 2011. Web. Radelet, M Akers, R. â€Å"Deterrence and the Death Penalty? The Views of the Experts,† (1995) White, Debora. â€Å"Pros and cons of the death penalty†. 2011. Web. This essay on The Death Penalty in the US Criminal Justice System was written and submitted by user Kristen Knight to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Lab on Aspirin Tablets Essays

Lab on Aspirin Tablets Essays Lab on Aspirin Tablets Essay Lab on Aspirin Tablets Essay This lab was basically about finding the percentage of acetylsalicylic acid in an aspirin tablet. First, the base was created, which was made out of 1. 00 g of NaOH and D-water. Then the buret was attached to the clamp on the ring stand and the base was poured into the buret. After that, one by one, an aspirin tablet was dropped into an Erlenmeyer flask filled with 50 mL of D-water so that it could become dissolved. After the tablet was completely dissolved, a few drops of phenol were added, and the base was added very slowly, changing the color of the mixture into a pink. The flask was to be swiveled around. This was done three times, trying to get the pink color to stay for at least two minutes. Materials: * D-water * Scale * Slop beaker * Erlenmeyer Flask x3 * Volumetric Flask * Ring Stand * Buret * Buret Clamp * Phenolphthalein * NaOH * Weighing boats * Aspirin Tablets x3 * Stirring Rod * Scoopula Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to find the percentage of acetylsalicylic acid in n aspirin tablet. Theory/Intro: Aspirin possesses a number of properties that make it the most recommended drug pretty often. It is an analgesic, which means that it is very effective in pain relief. Being an anti-inflammatory agent, it is also provides some relief from the swelling associated with arthritis and minor injuries. It also reduces fever because it is an antipyretic compound. More than 40 million poun ds of aspirin are produced in the U. S. every year. This rate breaks down to about 300 tablets per year for every woman, man, and child. However, repeated use may cause gastrointestinal bleeding, and large doses can provoke a host of reactions including vomiting, diarrhea, vertigo, and hallucinations. The average dose is approximately 0. 3-1 g, but single doses of 10-30 g can be deadly. The most important compound in the synthesis of aspirin, salicylic acid, is prepared from phenol by a process discovered over 100 years ago by a German chemist Hermann Kolbe. Also known as acetylsalicylic acid, aspirin has a chemical formula of C9H8O4. Aspirin is sold over the counter and comes in many different forms. You can have white tablets to chewing gum and rectal suppositories. Also available are coated, chewable, buffered and extended release forms. Over the counter medicines like Alka-Seltzer Original Effervescent Antacid Pain Reliever, contains aspirin for pain relief. Aspirin belongs to a group of drugs called salicylates. Aspirin isn’t so easy on the stomach because it is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and provides quick and relatively long-lasting pain relief. Aspirin also reduces inflammation. Researchers believe these effects come about because aspirin blocks the production of pain-producing chemicals which are called prostaglandins. While it does relieve pain and reduce inflammation, it also lowers fever by acting on the part of the brain that regulates temperature. The brain then sends signals to the blood vessels to widen, which allow any heat to leave the body more effectively. Procedures: 1. Make 100 mL of 0. 20M NaOH solution. 2. Find mass of one tablet. 3. Dissolve tablet in flask using, 50mL of D-water. Use a stirring rod to assist in crushing and dissolving the tablet. There should be some powdery substances on the bottom of the flask, it’s the starches put in the tablets. 4. While one partner is dissolving the tablet the other one should be setting up the buret and stand. Place the clamp on the stand. Next wash the buret with a little D-water before placing the buret on the clamp. Next fill the buret with NaOH solution up to a place above the â€Å"O† marking on the buret. Open the buret, to allow some of the base to run into a slop beaker thus filling the tip. Make sure the level of the liquid is now below the zero mark. Record the reading after filling the tip. 5. Add several drops of the indicator, phenolphthalein, to the flask. 6. Slowly add the base while swirling the flask. Continue add base until a faint pink color stays in flask. Record the value from the buret. Add a few drops more and see if the color stays and changes. You do not want a dark purple color. Record the final value of base needed. 7. Repeat the process for two more tablets, for three in total. Refill the buret after each trial. Drawing Observations: 1. The aspirin tablets were white. 2. The aspirin tablets had a smooth texture. 3. The aspirin tablets were odorless. 4. The NaOH was a frosted white color. 5. The NaOH was odorless. 6. The base was a clear color; no powdery substances were left behind. . When the NaOH was put in D-water it dissolved thoroughly leaving nothing behind. 8. When the aspirin tablets were put in D-water they took a while to dissolve. 9. When the aspirin tablets were finally dissolved, powdery substances were left behind. 10. When the base was mixed with the dissolved aspirin tablets nothing happened. 11. When the drops of phenol were added, then the mixture turn ed pink. 12. At first, the base was added to quickly so it turned into a dark pink, almost purple. 13. After swiveling the mixture a few times it would lose its pink coloring and turn back into a clear color. 4. At the second try, the base turned into a medium pink color. 15. It stood pink for a longer period of time, approximately 1 minute. 16. The mixtures for all three trials were odorless. 17. At the last try, the base was a light pink color, and it stayed for two minutes. 18. When too much base was added to the phenol/ dissolved aspirin, the mixture would turn into a dark pink. 19. When the base was added in slowly, the pink color lasted a longer time. 20. The faster the base was added, the darker the mixture got, and the longer it took to return to its original clear color. Conclusion: One source of error could’ve been that the NaOH solution that was poured into the buret wasn’t at the zero mark. This could have affected the end results because if it wasn’t at the zero mark that means that we had more liquid then needed, so when the base was poured into the phenol/dissolved aspirin mixture the recordings weren’t accurate. That means that the calculations were thrown off because the wrong amount was used. Another source of error could’ve been that when the 1. 00 g of NaOH was measured it wasn’t exact. The scale is very sensitive and maybe breathing could’ve affected the outcome. This affects our results because now there isn’t as much NaOH as there should be in the base, which could cause a difference when the aspirin and phenol are mixed with base. The color could’ve maybe stayed for longer. The last source of error could’ve been that the base was poured in too quickly from the buret, causing the color change to be off.

5 Great Part-Time Jobs for College Students

5 Great Part-Time Jobs for College Students Let’s face it: college isn’t cheap. From tuition, room and board, and books to incidentals like travel expenses, social activities and the occasional beer or two, the costs add up. You could sell your organs, but there are easier ways to make a quick buck. Not only that, but the right part-time job looks terrific on your resume and just may position you for career success after graduation. Let’s take a closer look at five of the best part-time jobs for college students. 1. College Tour GuideJust how good is this gig? USA Today actually ran an article on the many perks of being a tour guide. Not only do you get great swag and access to exclusive events and social networking opportunities, but you also have the opportunity to hone your communication skills. This practice will come in handy whether you’re delivering an in-class presentation or undergoing a job interview.The competition may be steep for these jobs, but the rewards are big, and will continue to pay off in professionalism, confidence and leadership.Even better? According to some reports, college tour guides make as much as $13/hour - not too shabby for backwards walking through the hallowed halls of your institution.2. Library/Computer Lab MonitorLove books? How about peace and quiet? If so, a library monitor position may be the ideal fit for you. Library monitors have a number of different responsibilities - from checking out books at the circulation desk to scanning, sorting and shelving them. Organization is a helpful trait for library monitors, as is helpfulness: you will likely be frequently called upon to help other students do everything from use the school computers to find information on academic topics.If library stacks feel like home to you, a library monitor job may be the perfect fit.Computer monitors and library monitors share many common responsibilities, although computer monitors should also have strong computer literacy.And while library monitors and co mputer lab monitors might not haul in the biggest bucks, they typically come with an ample amount of downtime meaning the opportunity to pursue your own studies while on the job.3. Fitness InstructorIf fitness is already a large part of your life, why not get paid for it? Whether you are devoted to your yoga practice or enjoy the energy of Zumba, university recreation centers are always on the lookout for enthusiastic talent. If you love helping people discover their own personal passion for health and fitness, this job offers the perfect opportunity to make a different while honing your leadership skills and making more than $15/hour.4. Residential AssistantToday’s employers are always on the lookout for tomorrow’s business leaders and innovators. One way to stand out from the crowd? Apply to be a residential assistant (RA).RA positions are coveted, and with good reason: not only is your room and board typically covered as compensation, but this job also gives you the tremendous opportunity to play an important role in the lives of incoming students. You will also have the chance to learn the ins and outs of everything going on around your campus while interacting with diverse people and learning valuable life skills in the process.5. TutorWherever there are students, there are people in need of some extra academic help. Whether you’re an ace at math or a whiz with the written word, there are plenty of opportunities for tutoring jobs - both on and off campus. The hours are flexible and can be done either online or in person.An added benefit? Parents are willing to fork over big bucks to help their kids succeed in in their academic studies. Tutoring is also a great way for you to revisit past materials for mastery.Get paid to share your smarts.There are many great-part time jobs for college students depending on your strengths, skills and interests. Want a jump start on finding the perfect one? Sign up for the TheJobNetwork’s Real- Time job matching, which connects job seekers with employers based on your individual needs and preferences.

Term structure of interest rates Research Paper

Term structure of interest rates - Research Paper Example The tendency to slope upwards occurs when short-term rates of interest are low, and the tendency to slope downwards occurs when short-term rates of interest are high. Thirdly, in most cases, the yield curve slopes upwards (Fisher, 6). The paper shall also present a model that can be used for the pricing of bonds. The model is known as Vasicek’s Model. According to economic theory, one primary factor used to explain the differences in interest rates on various securities might be variations in their terms. That is in terms of lengths of time before maturity. The term structure of interest rates refers to the association between the terms of securities and their market rates of interest (Russell, 36). Economists usually use a diagram known as a yield curve to designate the term structure of interest rates on particular types of securities at a certain point in time. Consequently, the theory of the yield curve is used to describe the term structure of interest rates (Russell, 36). The determinants of the relationship between returns on securities and their terms of maturity have remained an issue of interest, for economists for a long time. By providing a conclusive schedule of interest rates over a period, the term structure captures the market’s speculations of future events. A description of the term structure offers a means of extracting this information and predicting how variations in the underlying variables affect the yield curve (Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross, 385). In an attempt to understand the term structure of interest rates, this paper shall explore three common theories that have long been used to explain the term structure. These theories include the Expectations Hypothesis, the Segmented Markets Theory, and the Preferred Habitat or Liquidity Premium Theory. The expectations hypothesis has several variations. However, they all place a predominant focus on holding-period returns or the expected values of future spot

The Weaknesses and impact of Education administration Essay

The Weaknesses and impact of Education administration - Essay Example As a result, there have been various policies, as well as reforms that have been advocated so as to improve education and foster economic capacity. All these efforts are an acknowledgement of the existent education disparities. However, there are still a lot that is needed to realize the potential. In some cases, education has been presented to serve a purpose that is opposite the intended one. According to CORI Justice, Education can be a powerful force in counteracting inequality and poverty but in many ways, the present education system has quite the opposite effect' (socio-Economic Review 2008). As far education disparities along the racial lines are concerns, the achievements between the native and the non-native populations is widely inferred. Indeed, it is agreeable that there have been disparities between the aboriginal and the non-aboriginal groups for quite some time. These disparities have been described as the legacy of colonialism. Colonization processes are associated w ith profound consequences on the colonized societies. Colonial legacies, which now come in the form of government policies, have seen individuals disperse from the tribal and clan inclinations. The eventuality of this has been the continuous fragmentation of the cultures belonging to the aboriginal people. There have been concerns that the fragmentation of culture and the struggle to adapt to the new way of life has been accompanied by social, as well as economic instability. As such, the disintegration of

Essay on Metaphors for Death in Shakespeares Sonnet 73 -- Sonnet essa

Metaphors for Death in Shakespeare's Sonnet 73 William Shakespeare's "Sonnet 73: That Time of Year Thou Mayest in Me Behold" is a sonnet that examines the fears and anxieties that surround growing old and dying -- a topic that resonates within us all. Shakespeare's use of metaphor to illustrate decay and passing are striking, and sets a somber tone throughout. He uses the season of Fall, the coming of night, and the burning out of a flame as metaphors for old age and death, and then uses the last two lines to suggest that we should love and cherish life while we can. The first four lines of the sonnet reflect the changing of seasons, and the oncoming of Fall: Â   That time of year thou mayest in me behold, When yellow leaves, or none, or few do hang Upon those boughs which shake against the cold, Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang. Â   Â   The season of Fall has often been used as a metaphor for the passing of time. The seasons of Spring and Summer -- the time of blooming flowers, vibrant colors, and long, hot days -- are gone. Fa...

Theoretical Problems of Terminology

Content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 1. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2. Chapter 1 1. Theoretical problems of terminology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. 6 1. 1 Terms, their definition and classification 1. 2 Terminology 3. Chapter 2 Semantic peculiarities of English and Ukrainian medical terminology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 4. Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 5. The list of literature used†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 28 Anotation Terminology appears spontaneously as a result of knowledge accumulation and appearance of special notions and concepts. The importance of our investigation is determined by the necessity to study the semantics of medical terms. The aim of our year paper is to define the main semantic peculiarities of English and Ukrainian medical terms and their interaction with the words of general language.The achievement of the aim provides accomplishment of the following tasks: 1) to study theoretical literature on the problems investigated; 2) to s tudy medical terms and their meanings on the basis of explanatory and special dictionaries; 3) to apply the methods of formalized analysis of semantics for building the matrix of semantic space of the English and Ukrainian medical terminology on the background of general language; 4) to define the correlation of terminological and general semantics of lexemes under study.The object of our year paper is 50 English and Ukrainian medical terms with the explanation of their medical and general meanings. The subject of our investigation – semantic peculiarities of the English and Ukrainian medical terms. The language material for the year paper was taken from four dictionaries. The lexical material for our research presents 50 English medical terms the semantics of which we have analyzed from medical vocabulary (Mondofacto) and explanatory (Longman) dictionary, we also used Ukrainian medical and explanatory dictionaries.We separated the semes from the meanings of the terms that ha ve been studied in order to the basis of English and Ukrainian terminological and explanatory dictionaries. We analyzed the peculiarities of their special and general semantics. The year paper consists of the introduction, two chapters, conclusions, the list of literature used and supplement. Chapter I. Theoretical problems of terminology Modern life of society is characterized by steep development of science and technology that’s why it leads to improvement of languages of these branches, especially scientific and technical terminology.The term â€Å"terminology† is assigned to several concepts: Terminology 1: Terminology science. Inter-and-Trans disciplinary field of knowledge dealing with concepts and their representations (terms, symbols, etc. ) Terminology 2: Aggregate of terms, which represent the system of concept of an individual subject field. Terminology 3: Publication in which the system of concepts of a subject field is represented by terms. [6;18] The func tions of terminology: ) the ordering of knowledge on grounds of the relationships of concepts. 2) the transfer of knowledge, skills and technology (education, training, reading of scientific and technical texts, etc. ) 3) the formulation and dissemination of scientific and technical texts into their information. 4) the translation of scientific and technical texts into their languages. 5) the abstracting and condensing of subject information. 6) the storage and retrieval of scientific and technical information. 6;18] Theories of terminology as they have developed over at least six decades, consider that concepts are: 1) units of thought, focusing on the psychological aspect of recognizing objects as part of reality; 2) units of knowledge, focusing on the epistemological aspect of information gathered on the object in question; 3) units of communication, stressing the fact that concepts are the prerequisite for knowledge transfer in specialized discourse.The development of terminolog ies as a crucial part of special purpose languages reflects scientific, technical and economic progress in the subject fields concerned. Due to different speeds in this dynamic co-evolution of knowledge in the individual domains, specialized discourse continues to differentiate into more and more sectorized special languages and terminologies. 18; 7] But these communication tools become increasingly ambiguous due to the sheer number of concepts to be designated and the limited linguistic resources of every natural language: terms are taken over from one domain into another, usually with varying meanings in the form of metaphors or analogies; new homonyms, and terminological meanings, synonyms arise, motivating or even forcing subject specialists to standardize their terminology and harmonize them on the multilingual level in order to reduce and manage the constantly rising communicative complexity that faces their discourse communities.Terminology research is not limited to semiotic and linguistic studies of term formation and the epistemological dimension of the evolution of scientific knowledge. The agenda of terminology science also includes socio-terminological studies of the acceptance of neologisms proposed by terminology and language planners, case studies on terminology development by standardization and harmonization efforts, research and development concerning the establishment and use of terminology databases for various user groups and purposes and concerning controlled vocabularies for documentation and information retrieval purposes.Terminology displays the notions that were created, and spontaneously exist in every branch. Terminology is the study of and the field of activity concerned with the collection, description, processing and presentations of terms. The field of terminology is not independent as a discipline. Terminology though traced back for some decades got a more theoretical and methodological background in the past years. Terminolog y is an inter disciplinary field of research because it is highly influenced by the activities and methods of the areas if serves. Earlier terminology was a problem of engineers needing concepts for naming new technical items.Now linguists claim it to be another dimension of lexicology and lexicography. Terminology has become a specialized aspect of computational linguistics and information science[17;10]. Terminology is the study of terms and their use. Terms are words and compound words that in specific contexts are given specific meanings, meanings that may deviate from the meaning the same words have in other contexts and in everyday language. The discipline Terminology studies among other things how such terms of art come to be and their interrelationships within a culture. Terminology differs from lexicography n studying concepts, conceptual systems, and their labels (terms), whereas lexicography study words and their meanings. Terminology thus denotes a discipline which syste matically studies the labelling or designating of concepts particular to one or more subject fields or domains of human activity, through research and analysis of terms in context, for the purpose of documenting and promoting consistent usage. This study can be limited to one language or can cover more than one language at the same time (multilingual terminology, bilingual terminology, and so forth) or may focus on studies of terms across fields [26;45].Terminology is a science whose aim is to study terms, which are lexical elements used in specialized fields (subjects or their branches) and generated in such fields or modified from elements already existing in other fields. In Terminology, the â€Å"term† or â€Å"terminological unit† is the meaning unit made up of one single word (simple term) or several words (complex term) and represents a concept in an univocal way in a specific semantic field (Office of the French Language of Quebec). From this definition, we can understand that a term is a specialized word in relation to its meaning and the field in which it is used.It is considered in that way when used in a certain context in which it takes the function of a â€Å"term†. Terms are elements of natural languages, as are other lexical units too. As far as terminologies reflect rapid development of science, they are opened to language planning, systematic management and different kinds of manipulation more than other lexical subsystems or strata. This causes terminologists to fulfill three comprehensive projects 1) the standardization of existing terminologies; 2) the creation of new national terminologies as well as 3) their international unification. 18; 8] A definition is description of a concept by means of other known concepts, mostly in the form of words and terms. It determines the position of this concept in a system of other related concepts. Definitions can be categorized according to their purpose into descriptive prescript ive definitions. A descriptive definition states which meaning a term has. A prescriptive definition states which meaning a term should have. [15;11] In the seventies of the xx century the peak of interest towards system character of terminology could be observed and that was connected with the popularity of the biologist Bertalanffy.This scientist suggested the programme of building general theory of systems, which contained general principles and laws of the systems behaviour no matter what elements and the relationships between were. The difference between terminology system and terminology is, first of all, in the way they come into being. Terminology appears spontaneously as a result of knowledge accumulation and appearance of special notions and concepts. Terminology enters the mental world far from being accomplished and crowned; its lexical units are very far from systematic.Terminological system is completely isomorphic to the system of concepts and terminology is not. [23; 17] Terminology-is the section of vocabulary which covers the terms of different spheres of science, art, social life, and technics. [9;23] Terminology is closely related to such sciences as ontology, logics, linguistics, communication theory, information and documentation science, computer science, etc. In the GTT the notion ‘‘concept’’ and its relationship to other concepts have a central position. They are cornerstones of the GTT and the starting point of any terminology work.The conceptology which is a basic discipline of logic is closely connected in this respect with terminology. The most important link of terminology to linguistics is that the term is a linguistic symbol, which is formed by words or word elements. [18; 7] Terminology is not connected to information retrieval in any way but focused on the meaning and conveyance of concepts. â€Å"Terms† used in an information retrieval context are not the same as â€Å"terms† used in the context of terminology, as they are not always technical terms of art. 9;20] The problems of terminology were investigated by such linguists as:L. A. Kapanadze [10], V. I. Malcey [11], V. P. Danulenko [9;9], O . S. Achmanova [5;58], A. A. Reformatskuj [11;27], H. O. Vinokur [7;11] and others. Semantic aspect of English and Ukrainian medical terminology was studied by such linguists as:Balyshyn S. I[3], Chabirova Z. P,[11], Orlova A. S, Philipova Y. B. [21;22], Skinner H. A[23], Dorian A. F[54;20]. and others The English language began creation of modern terminology from Choser’s time.In his work â€Å"Treatise on the astrolabe† he for the first time used terms declinations, ecliptic, latitude, longitude, meridian, zodiac etc. Term (lat. Terminus – boundary, limit) is alexico -nominative unit that needs definitions( V. P. Danylenko[11;20], T. L. Kandelaki[25] and others). Definition is a necessary dependency of term which has a meaning for its selection from the vocabulary stock of language(S. V. Novak)[15;23]. Term is considered to be a nominative sign that operates in the language with a special purpose (V. M. Leychik).Term is determined as a language unit, correlated with conceptions of special professional spheres ( V. A. Tatarynov) [14;27]. It is understandable that a large number of terminological definitions as a conception of a word and scientific term do not lead to distinct and simple solution of their theoretically linguistic essence. The study of early works in terminology shows that linguistic essence of term is not enough researched. Mainly researchers were interested in lexicographical aspect of terminology and not in definition and uncovering semantic peculiarities of term .A term is a word or a certain word- combination that distinctly and definitely designates scientific or special notion. The term does not designate the notion like an ordinary word, but inversely, the concept is attached to a term. Thus, a specific conce pt determined by a term is understandable only due to its definition-laconic, logical, which points out essential indications of a subject and denotes its notion and matter. According to Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, a term is â€Å"a word or expression that has a precise meaning in some uses or is peculiar to a science, art, profession or subject. [18; 10] One more definition of a term explains as â€Å"any conventional symbol for a concept which consists of articulated sounds or of their written representations. A term may be a word or a phrase. †[20; 10] As it is vivid from the definition the term always stands for a concept and it should preferably stand for a single concept. This concept has a meaning that is fixed, abstract and general. Only features that are considered to be relevant are retained in the meaning, other features are rejected. Concepts are mental representations of individual object or comprise a set of individual objects having certain qua lities in common.Concepts are mental representations of individual object or comprise a set of individual objects having certain qualities in common. A term is defined by the content it stands for and not by any peculiarities in its linguistic structure. [15; 11]. An expression is a term within the framework of a conceptual system in which it is defined as a term. Membership of a terminological system thus gives an expression terminological status. Ancient Greek philosophers said that a term has two meanings: In broad definition a term-is a word or word-combination, which denotes real or abstract subjects.In this case the word term coincide with the meaning of a â€Å"name†, it means that a term the same as name. In narrow definition, as we already know the term- is a word or word-combinations introduced into a science as the designation of subjects, appearances that are studied by the science. [12;272]. To descriptive terms belong: a)set-expressions, which name or denote emp irical and abstract objects. They designate a â€Å"term†-as proper and general names. b)predicative expression-is a word or word-combination which denotes properties and qualities of subjects and relations between the subjects. )objective functional expressions, which denote objective functions and operations, to which special mathematical and logical signs and words denoting scope, weight, growth, colour belong. [14; 30] Terms can be more or less complex lexical units that are generated following several processes: †¢ The extension of the meaning of a word in the standard language (for instance, â€Å"mouse† in computing terminology is a device that allows the user to interact with the computer). †¢ Generation of a phrase that functions as a whole with one specialized meaning (superconducting magnet). Symbolic expressions, as chemical element symbols (Na) or chemical and mathematical formulas (H2SO4). †¢ Abbreviations (PVC) and acronyms (NATO, from Nor th Atlantic Treaty Organization). †¢ Names of post (Prime Minister), organizations or administrations (United Nations, Prime Minister). The border line between word and term is drawn by the use of the lexical unit in a specialised field of knowledge with a specialised meaning or not. That is why a certain level of specialised knowledge is needed to recognise a term (we will only know that mouse is a term if we know the computing terminology).The characteristics of a text –communicative purpose, subject, specialisation grade– are also helpful to recognise the presence of terms. †¢ The extension of the meaning of a word in the standard language (for instance, â€Å"mouse† in computing terminology is a device that allows the user to interact with the computer). †¢ Generation of a phrase that functions as a whole with one specialized meaning (superconducting magnet). †¢ Symbolic expressions, as chemical element symbols (Na) or chemical and mathem atical formulas (H2SO4). †¢ Abbreviations (PVC) and acronyms (NATO, from North Atlantic Treaty Organization). Names of post (Prime Minister), organizations or administrations (United Nations, Prime Minister). The border line between word and term is drawn by the use of the lexical unit in a specialised field of knowledge with a specialised meaning or not. That is why a certain level of specialised knowledge is needed to recognise a term (we will only know that mouse is a term if we know the computing terminology). The characteristics of a text –communicative purpose, subject, specialisation grade– are also helpful to recognise the presence of terms.In order to establish the limit between term and word, it is important to know the characteristics of terms in a specialised language. According to Gutierrez Rodilla (1998: 88-94) the characteristics of terms are precision, emotional neutrality and stability over time. For instance, â€Å"aplasia† is a medical te rm meaning incomplete or faulty development of an organ; it is monosemic which implies precision; it is neutral emotionally; and finally, it is stable over time since it has been used without any variation in use, form and meaning for a long period of time in scientific documents.A concept can be described either by the definition or explanation. If it is not possible in a certain case to provide a definition at least an explanation should be given. The definition is the key to any scientific work. A definition is description of a concept by means of other known concepts, mostly in the form of words and terms. It determines the position of this concept in a system of other related concepts. Most foreign linguists pay more attention to semantic character of the term.They discover universal theoretical cases concerning terminological science, but not language facts are estimated by them superficially, without proper argumentation, unconvincingly. Terminological principles and methods are the basis for the unification of terminology work. They concern the analysis of concepts, the determination of their intension, the investigation of relationships of concepts, the design of systems of concepts, the description of concepts(definition), the assignment concept- designation(terms, symbols, etc. or vice versa, selection of adequate words or word elements for the formation of terms, creation of correct new terms etc. [23;25]. Characteristics of terms The reality around us is made up of a wide variety of objects that are observed or simply seen. The human mind is able to perceive every objects and generate a conceptual image that allows recreating the object even if it is not within our senses’ reach. In human communication, it is necessary to represent an objectconcept with a material and recognisable with the means available for humans.In a verbal language such representation is the word –oral or written– and the term in specialised communication . Thus, the term, as with any other word, is a sign with a triple dimension: †¢ Linguistic: the signifier (the formal aspect of the term). †¢ Cognitive: the meaning of the concept represented by a term. †¢ Ontological: the referent, the object from reality to be named. The three dimensions give three different, but related, aspects of terms: †¢ Linguistic dimension – symbolic aspect: this refers to a term as a symbol representing an object, a referent. Cognitive dimension – conceptual aspect: in relation to the concept that allows the human mind to keep the referent. †¢ Ontological dimension – referential aspect: the referent itself to be named and understood. Dimensions of a term cognitive linguistic ontological concept term referent conceptual symbolic referential aspects. To the three dimensions already explained, it is possible to add a fourth one that is implicit at the beginning of this section, the communicative dimension (associa ted with a discursive aspect).According to this dimension, the terms are inserted in a discourse with the purpose of taking part in the message produced in a communicative event. From this communicative point of view, the sender of the message, the author of the text, uses each term with a sole meaning, regardless of whether it is the term’s meaning, one chosen among the different concepts and referents represented by a single polysemic term, or an altered, modified or adulterated meaning that the author assigns to a term accidentally (perhaps due to a lack of competence in a specialised knowledge) or intentionally (a personal use of language and terminology).The balance in the relations between the different dimensions and aspects defines the characteristics of each term, but not all the terms share the same level of relations, that is why the features of terms as a whole are more of a trend, desired by their producers and users, than a reality. According to Gutierrez Rodill a (1998: 88-94) the features of terms are precision, emotional neutrality and stability. A term has to meet a number of requirements: 1. The term must be well motivated. The motivation of a term should be self-evident. 2. The term should be systematic. That means that it must be a member of terminological system. 3.The formation of the term must be in accordance with the syntactic rules of the language. 4. The term must be potentially productive of derivations. 5. The term must avoid pleonasm. This part of pleonastic formation generally occurs through a lack of linguistic knowledge. 6. The term should not contain superfluous elements. This may occur when the generic term and the specific term form a new term. 7. The term should preferably not have synonymous, homonymous or polysemous terms. 8. The term should be as short as possible without affecting its clarity. 9. The term should preferably not present orthographical or morphological variations. 18; 11] At the present stage of lan guage development society influences all language terminological processes such as term formation , interaction of generally used lexics and terminology, borrowing of terms from other languages and subsystems, development of polysemy, synonymy, antonymy, standardization and unification of terms, etc. In this chapter we observed theoretical problems of terminology, functions of terminology, requirements of a term, terms, their definition and classification, terminology and terminological system, the principles of terminology and methods.Also we named famous linguists who studied the problems of terminology. We observed the term as an indivisible unit of mentality that arises the smallest segment of concrete mentality process. By this segment in our year paper is a scientific concept of linguistic that indicates term- word which we receive on the basis of imagination about practical and theoretical activity of a person. We consider that linguistic term as a word is a part of vocabular y and is not isolated from the laws that influence on the lexical system in general.

Western Vs. Non Western Essay - 1395 Words

Based off of the results from completed researches, there are a couple hypotheses that could be used. One of the hypotheses would be that there would be no real linkage between races in order to judge attractiveness. The other hypothesis would be that people would find their own race more attractive than other races. Since there were various findings in how race would affect attractiveness, going in more depth within the issue would be useful, which is how we then came up with our experiment of; if western faces or non-western faces would be rated more attractive in a multi-cultural society. The main goal in conducting the experiment of how attractiveness would vary based off of western and non-western faces was to see if race would make a difference in how a class of western dominant students perceived attractiveness. We hypothesized that since our participants were western dominant, the western faces would be rated higher than those of the non-western faces (consistent with Burke, Nolan, Hayward, Russell Sulikowski, 2013; Todorov, 2012). The critical question that we would be trying to answer was whether or not race would matter in determining how attractive an individual is perceived to be. We went with the hypothesis of the western faces being voted more attractive was because in previous studies race was linked to how one would vote attractiveness of another individual. In addition, we also believed that since the participants of the experiment were primarilyShow MoreRelatedWestern Vs Alternative Medicine : Which Is The Best For You?1355 Words   |  6 Pages Western Vs Alternative Medicine – Which is The Best For You? Imagine this, you’ve just had another visit to your Doctor and been told yet again that your condition hasn’t improved and may even be getting worse. 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